In the mid-19th century, socialism became a significant ideology in Europe, articulating a vision for societal transformation focused on collective ownership and the welfare of all. Socialists contended that private property was the foundation of social issues. This perspective was significantly shaped by thinkers such as Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who argued that the interests of capitalists often contradicted the needs of workers. Socialists like Robert Owen endeavored to implement cooperatives, while others like Louis Blanc called for government-led initiatives to develop worker associations. As socialist ideas spread, they formed into organized groups aiming for gradual reforms or radical change. By the late 19th century, socialist movements began coordinating efforts across Europe, evidenced by the establishment of organizations like the Second International.