This module delves into the captivating narratives of "Snapshots," the supplementary reader for CBSE Grade 11 English. Each unit explores a unique story, offering insights into diverse themes, cultural contexts, and literary styles. Through detailed character analysis, plot summaries, and thematic discussions, we will uncover the richness of these tales and appreciate their enduring relevance.

This enchanting short story, set in the sun-drenched landscape of California's San Joaquin Valley, introduces us to the world of two young Armenian cousins, Aram and Mourad. It is a tale that beautifully captures the essence of childhood, the intricacies of family honour, and the unique spirit of a close-knit community.

The story revolves around two central characters: Aram: The narrator, a nine-year-old boy, innocent and observant. He is fascinated by the horse and initially shares Mourad's desire to keep it. Aram represents the moral compass of the family, grappling with the dilemma of honesty versus the joy of having the horse. His internal conflict drives much of the narrative. Mourad: Aram's eccentric thirteen-year-old cousin, considered 'crazy' by everyone except Aram, who finds him fascinating. Mourad possesses an almost intuitive connection with animals and a free spirit. He is impulsive, adventurous, and driven by his passion for horses, even if it means bending the rules of honesty. He genuinely believes he is not stealing the horse because he intends to return it eventually.

The plot unfolds as follows: One summer morning, Mourad arrives at Aram's house with a magnificent white horse. Aram is astonished, knowing their impoverished family, the Garoghlanian tribe, is famous for its honesty, not for owning horses. Mourad confesses he 'borrowed' it from a local farmer, John Byro, for riding pleasure. Despite Aram's initial moral reservations, his desire to ride the horse overrides his conscience, and he joins Mourad in their early morning rides in the countryside. They keep the horse hidden in a deserted vineyard, practicing riding. Mourad, with his natural affinity, quickly masters riding, while Aram struggles. One day, they encounter John Byro, who, despite recognizing his horse, chooses to believe the boys due to the Garoghlanian tribe's reputation for honesty. This encounter deeply affects Aram. A few weeks later, possibly out of a newfound sense of responsibility or prompted by the encounter with Byro, Mourad decides to return the horse. They stealthily put the horse back in Byro's barn. Byro is relieved and notes that the horse is now stronger and better-tempered.

Themes: Honesty, Trust, Childhood Innocence, Armenian Culture ● Honesty and Trust: This is the central theme. The Garoghlanian tribe is renowned for its honesty, a deep-seated value that transcends poverty. Mourad's act of 'borrowing' the horse tests this family principle. However, Byro's implicit trust in their honesty ultimately influences Mourad's decision to return the horse, highlighting the power of reputation and integrity. ● Childhood Innocence: The story beautifully portrays the carefree and adventurous spirit of childhood. Aram and Mourad's initial joy in riding the horse, their innocent belief that 'borrowing' isn't stealing if they intend to return it, and their playful bond are all hallmarks of childhood innocence. The moral dilemma is filtered through their young perspectives. ● Armenian Culture: Saroyan subtly weaves in elements of Armenian culture, particularly the pride in their lineage and the strong emphasis on honesty and family honour. The description of the Garoghlanian tribe and their unique characteristics provides a rich cultural backdrop, making the story culturally specific yet universally resonant.

Saroyan employs a gentle, observational humor throughout the story. Mourad's eccentricities and his self-proclaimed connection to animals (despite their initial refusal to obey him) are sources of amusement. The dialogue, particularly between Aram and Mourad, often carries an understated wit. The narrative style is first-person, told from the perspective of young Aram. This allows for an intimate and nostalgic tone, capturing the wonder and moral confusion of a child's world. The language is simple yet evocative, painting vivid pictures of the rural landscape and the boys' adventures. The storytelling is linear, easy to follow, and engaging, characteristic of Saroyan's distinctive voice.