Coordination Compounds

Coordination compounds are essential in inorganic chemistry and have significant applications in various fields, including biology and industry.

Werner’s Theory Coordination Compounds

This section covers Werner's pioneering theory of coordination compounds which discusses the bonding, structure, and classification of coordination entities.

Definitions Of Some Important Terms Pertaining To Coordination Compounds

This section defines essential terms related to coordination compounds, including coordination entities, central atoms, and ligands.

Coordination Entity

The coordination entity refers to a central metal atom or ion bonded to several ligands, playing a crucial role in the structure of coordination compounds.

Central Atom/ion

The central atom or ion in a coordination entity is crucial as it bonds with ligands to form a stable geometric structure.

Ligands

This section discusses ligands, their types, and roles in coordination compounds.

Coordination Number

This section provides an overview of Alfred Werner's coordination theory, highlighting the concepts of primary and secondary valences, and their implications in the structure and behavior of coordination compounds.

Coordination Sphere

The coordination sphere comprises the central atom/ion and the ligands directly bonded to it, defining the structure of coordination compounds.

Coordination Polyhedron

Alfred Werner was a pioneering Swiss chemist known for his groundbreaking work on coordination compounds, proposing the first systematic theory of these compounds.

Oxidation Number Of Central Atom

The oxidation number of the central atom in a coordination complex indicates the charge it would have if all ligands were removed with their shared electrons.

Homoleptic And Heteroleptic Complexes

This section defines homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes in coordination chemistry, explaining their differences based on ligand types.

Nomenclature Of Coordination Compounds

This section outlines the nomenclature system for coordination compounds, highlighting the rules for naming and formulating mononuclear entities based on IUPAC recommendations.

Formulas Of Mononuclear Coordination Entities

This section details the rules for writing formulas for mononuclear coordination entities, emphasizing the structure and organization of ligands and the central metal atom.

Naming Of Mononuclear Coordination Compounds

This section covers the systematic nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, outlining key rules for formula writing and naming based on IUPAC guidelines.

Isomerism In Coordination Compounds

This section discusses isomerism in coordination compounds, focusing on the two main types: stereoisomerism and structural isomerism.

5.4.1 Geometric Isomerism

Geometrical isomerism refers to the different spatial arrangements of ligands around a central metal atom in coordination compounds, particularly observed in square planar and octahedral complexes.

Optical Isomerism

This section discusses optical isomerism, a type of stereoisomerism where molecules are mirror images but cannot be superimposed.

Linkage Isomerism

Linkage isomerism occurs in coordination compounds containing ambidentate ligands, leading to different structural arrangements based on which atom of the ligand is bonded to the metal.

Coordination Isomerism

Coordination isomerism arises from the arrangement of ligands in coordination complexes, leading to variations that exhibit different properties despite having the same molecular formula.

Ionisation Isomerism

Ionisation isomerism occurs when coordination compounds have the same formula but yield different ions in solution.

Solvate Isomerism

Solvate isomerism involves the differing arrangements of solvent molecules in a coordination compound formed with metal ions.

Bonding In Coordination Compounds

This section describes the bonding nature in coordination compounds through Werner's theories and modern concepts including Valence Bond Theory and Crystal Field Theory.

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory explains the bonding in coordination compounds through hybridization of orbitals.

Magnetic Properties Of Coordination Compounds

This section discusses the magnetic properties of coordination compounds, emphasizing the role of unpaired electrons and various coordination geometries.

Limitations Of Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond (VB) Theory explains the bonding in coordination compounds, but it has several limitations in interpreting their properties.

Crystal Field Theory

Crystal Field Theory explains the bonding in coordination compounds, focusing on how ligands cause the splitting of d-orbitals and how this affects the properties of metal complexes.

Limitations Of Crystal Field Theory

Crystal Field Theory (CFT) is effective in explaining various properties of coordination compounds but has notable limitations, especially concerning assumptions about ligand behavior and bonding.

Colour In Coordination Compounds

This section explores how coordination compounds exhibit a variety of colors resulting from d-d electronic transitions and crystal field splitting.

Bonding In Metal Carbonyls

Metal carbonyls are coordination compounds formed by transition metals with carbon monoxide ligands, exhibiting unique bonding characteristics.

Importance And Applications Of Coordination Compounds

Coordination compounds are essential in various fields, including biological systems and industry, due to their unique bonding properties.

Summary

This section outlines key concepts related to coordination compounds, including definitions, nomenclature, types of isomerism, and bonding theories.

Exercises

This section provides exercises to reinforce the understanding of coordination compounds, including concepts related to bonding, nomenclature, and isomerism.