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CBSE Grade 12 Chemistry Part 2
CBSE 12 Chemistry - Part 2 covers topics like Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, biomolecules, amines, and chemistry in everyday life, helping students understand complex chemical concepts and their real-world applications in a simple and relatable way.
Course Chapters
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Haloalkanes and haloarenes are classified based on the number of halogen atoms present, exhibiting distinct chemical properties and reactivity. Their synthesis is primarily achieved through various methods such as nucleophilic substitution and electrophilic aromatic substitution, with significant applications across industries. Understanding their behavior and reactivity is crucial, particularly in terms of environmental impact and organic synthesis.
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Alcohols, phenols, and ethers are classified based on the number of hydroxyl groups and the hybridization of carbon atoms to which they are attached. The chapter discusses their nomenclature, preparation methods, and key reactions, emphasizing their physical and chemical properties, as well as their application in daily life. Additionally, it covers the acidic nature of these compounds and how they participate in various organic reactions.
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
This chapter focuses on aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids, highlighting their structures, nomenclature, preparation methods, and significant chemical reactions. The properties and uses of these compounds are discussed, emphasizing their importance in organic chemistry and various industrial applications.
Amines
Amines are derivatives of ammonia formed by replacing hydrogen atoms with alkyl or aryl groups, classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary. Their structure influences their physical and chemical properties, including basicity, boiling point, and solubility. Additionally, diazonium salts, obtained from aromatic amines, play a crucial role in synthesizing various organic compounds through substitution reactions.
Biomolecules
Biomolecules are essential components of living organisms, including carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and hormones, which play critical roles in biological processes. Carbohydrates are classified into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, while proteins are polymers made from amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA serve as the genetic material responsible for heredity and protein synthesis. Vitamins, required in small amounts, and hormones, functioning as intercellular messengers, are also significant components in maintaining physiological balance.