7. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Alcohols, phenols, and ethers are classified based on the number of hydroxyl groups and the hybridization of carbon atoms to which they are attached. The chapter discusses their nomenclature, preparation methods, and key reactions, emphasizing their physical and chemical properties, as well as their application in daily life. Additionally, it covers the acidic nature of these compounds and how they participate in various organic reactions.
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What we have learnt
- Alcohols, phenols, and ethers are categorized based on the number of hydroxyl groups present in their structures.
- The IUPAC naming system is crucial for accurately identifying these compounds.
- Alcohols are more acidic than hydrocarbons and ethers due to their hydroxyl groups, which allow for hydrogen bonding.
Key Concepts
- -- Alcohol
- A compound containing one or more hydroxyl (–OH) groups directly attached to carbon atoms.
- -- Phenol
- An aromatic compound in which a hydroxyl group is directly bonded to a benzene ring.
- -- Ether
- A class of compound where an oxygen atom is connected to two alkyl or aryl groups.
- -- Acidity
- The tendency of a compound, such as alcohols or phenols, to donate a proton (H+) to a stronger base.
- -- Hydrogen Bonding
- A type of intermolecular attraction that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative element, such as oxygen.
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