10. Biomolecules
Biomolecules are essential components of living organisms, including carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and hormones, which play critical roles in biological processes. Carbohydrates are classified into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, while proteins are polymers made from amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA serve as the genetic material responsible for heredity and protein synthesis. Vitamins, required in small amounts, and hormones, functioning as intercellular messengers, are also significant components in maintaining physiological balance.
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10.1.2.2Fructose
Fructose is a ketohexose found in many plants and is an important energy source.
What we have learnt
- Biomolecules serve as the building blocks of life and are crucial for various biological functions.
- Carbohydrates can be classified into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, with distinct properties.
- Proteins are composed of amino acids and can be categorized based on their structure and function.
- Nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, play central roles in heredity and protein synthesis.
- Vitamins and hormones are essential for maintaining biochemical homeostasis in organisms.
Key Concepts
- -- Carbohydrates
- Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, classified into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- -- Proteins
- Polymers of amino acids that perform a vast array of functions within organisms.
- -- Nucleic Acids
- Polymers made up of nucleotide monomers, functioning in heredity and coding for proteins.
- -- Vitamins
- Organic compounds required in small amounts for crucial metabolic functions.
- -- Hormones
- Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands to regulate various physiological processes.
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