Biomolecules

This section provides an overview of the key biomolecules essential for living organisms, including carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and hormones.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are essential biomolecules classified into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, serving as key energy sources and structural components in living organisms.

Classification Of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are organic compounds that can be classified into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides based on their structure and hydrolysis behavior.

Monosaccharides

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar units.

Glucose

Glucose is a vital monosaccharide that serves as a primary energy source for living organisms, playing a significant role in metabolism.

Fructose

Fructose is a ketohexose found in many plants and is an important energy source.

Disaccharides

Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates that yield two to ten monosaccharide units upon hydrolysis, significantly contributing to various biological processes.

Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates formed by chains of monosaccharides, acting mainly as storage and structural materials in living organisms.

Importance Of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are essential biomolecules that serve as major energy sources and play critical roles in various biological processes.

Proteins

Proteins are essential biomolecules made from amino acids that play crucial roles in cellular structure and function.

Amino Acids

This section covers the structure, classification, and biological significance of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.

Classification Of Amino Acids

Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, are classified based on their chemical properties and functional groups.

Structure Of Proteins

This section focuses on the structure of proteins, including their building blocks, amino acids, and the various levels of protein structure that contribute to their functions.

Denaturation Of Proteins

Denaturation of proteins involves the unfolding of their three-dimensional structure due to changes in physical or chemical conditions.

Enzymes

This section covers the fundamental role of enzymes as biocatalysts in biochemical processes, their specificity, mechanism of action, and their importance in biological systems.

Mechanism Of Enzyme Action

This section discusses the fundamental role of enzymes in biochemical reactions, specifically how they lower activation energy and facilitate various metabolic processes.

Vitamins

Vitamins are essential organic compounds required in small amounts for various biological functions, with deficiencies leading to specific diseases.

Classification Of Vitamins

Vitamins are organic compounds required in small amounts for essential biological functions, classified into water-soluble and fat-soluble groups.

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids, primarily DNA and RNA, are essential biomolecules responsible for heredity and protein synthesis.

Chemical Composition Of Nucleic Acids

This section highlights the chemical composition and structure of nucleic acids, focusing on their roles in heredity and biological functions.

Structure Of Nucleic Acids

This section explores the structure and functions of nucleic acids, primarily DNA and RNA, emphasizing their components and biological significance.

Biological Functions Of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids, primarily DNA and RNA, play crucial roles in heredity and protein synthesis.

Hormones

Hormones are essential chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, playing critical roles in regulating various biological processes.

Summary

The section discusses the significance of biomolecules, focusing on carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins, and hormones in living organisms.

Exercises

This section covers exercises aimed at enhancing understanding of biomolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and vitamins.