11.4.1. Carbonation

Try these first

1. 1.

   What is carbonation in the context of concrete?

   Hint

   Think about the components that react in concrete.

2. 2.

   What is the result of a lower pH in concrete?

   Hint

   Consider what happens to the steel when it loses its protection.

3. 3.

   What does carbonation do to the pH of concrete?

   • Increase it
   • Decrease it
   • Have no effect

   Hint

   Think about what CO₂ does to the alkalinity.

4. 4.

   True or False: Carbonation can lead to corrosion of steel reinforcement.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Consider how the steel is affected by changes in the environment.

5. 5.

   Propose a plan for a new concrete structure in a coastal area to mitigate carbonation and corrosion effects.

   Hint

   Think about environmental factors and protective measures.

6. 6.

   Evaluate the long-term effects of carbonation on a 20-year-old concrete residential building located in an urban area. What maintenance strategies would you recommend?

   Hint

   Consider preventive and remedial actions based on inspection results.