11.9.3. Cold Climate Exposure

Try these first

1. 1.

   What is freeze-thaw damage?

   Hint

   Think about what happens to water when it freezes.

2. 2.

   Name an agent that can be added to concrete to improve its durability in cold climates.

   Hint

   This agent creates bubbles in the concrete.

3. 3.

   What causes freeze-thaw damage in concrete?

   • Water expansion
   • High temperatures
   • Poor mixing

   Hint

   Think about what happens when water freezes.

4. 4.

   The use of air-entraining agents in concrete primarily helps to:

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Remember how air helps with expansion.

5. 5.

   A bridge constructed in a cold climate experienced severe freeze-thaw damage. Outline a plan to redesign the concrete mix to prevent future damage.

   Hint

   Consider each component's role in moisture control and freeze resistance.

6. 6.

   Evaluate a concrete structure that has exhibited spalling due to freeze-thaw cycles. What diagnostic tests would you conduct to assess its condition, and what remedies could be implemented?

   Hint

   Think about the properties you need to measure to remedy the current issues.