3. COAL AND PETROLEUM

3. COAL AND PETROLEUM

  • 3

    Coal And Petroleum

    The section discusses coal and petroleum as exhaustible natural resources, highlighting their formation, uses, and the importance of conservation.

  • 3.1

    Formation Of Coal

    This section explains the formation of coal from dead vegetation over millions of years, detailing the processes involved and the significance of coal as a fossil fuel.

  • 3.1.1

    Story Of Coal

    This section explains the formation of coal through the process of carbonisation from ancient vegetation.

  • 3.1.2

    Products Of Coal

    This section discusses the products derived from coal, including coal gas, coal tar, and coke, along with the formation and significance of coal as a fossil fuel.

  • 3.2

    Petroleum

    This section discusses petroleum as a vital fossil fuel formed from sea organisms, its refining process, and its various applications.

  • 3.2.1

    Formation Of Petroleum

    The section covers the formation of petroleum and its significance as a fossil fuel derived from marine organisms.

  • 3.2.2

    Refining Of Petroleum

    This section discusses the process of refining petroleum, its constituents, and their various uses.

  • 3.2.3

    Various Constituents Of Petroleum

    This section outlines the various constituents of petroleum and their uses, emphasizing the importance of understanding fossil fuels and their implications for resource management.

  • 3.3

    Natural Gas

    Natural gas is a crucial fossil fuel that serves various applications, contributing to power generation and transportation, and is recognized for its cleaner-burning attributes.

  • 3.4

    Some Natural Resources Are Limited

    This section discusses the difference between exhaustible and inexhaustible natural resources, focusing on fossil fuels like coal and petroleum, their formation, uses, and the need for conservation.

  • 3.4.1

    Pcra Tips

    This section outlines the importance of conserving fossil fuels, specifically petrol and diesel, and offers key tips for reducing fuel consumption while driving.

  • 3.4.2

    Laboratory Formation Of Fossil Fuels

    This section explores exhaustible natural resources, particularly fossil fuels like coal and petroleum, discussing their formation and the necessity for careful usage.

  • 3.5

    Keywords

    This section discusses exhaustible natural resources, specifically coal and petroleum, highlighting their formation, uses, and importance.

  • 3.6

    What You Have Learnt

    This section summarizes key learnings about fossil fuels, including their formation, types, and importance in our daily lives.

  • 3.7

    Exercises

    This section focuses on understanding exhaustible natural resources, particularly coal and petroleum, and their significance in the context of human consumption and environmental impact.

  • 3.8

    Extended Learning — Activities And Projects

    This section covers various activities and projects related to natural resources, specifically focusing on coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

    • Key Summary

    Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are critical fossil fuels formed from the remains of ancient organisms millions of years ago. Their extraction and use as energy sources raise concerns about their exhaustibility and environmental impact. Sustainable practices and reductions in fossil fuel dependence are necessary to mitigate global warming and ensure their availability for future generations.

    Key Takeaways

    • Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are fossil fuels.
    • Fossil fuels were formed from the dead remains of living organisms millions of years ago.
    • Fossil fuels are exhaustible resources.
    • Coke, coal tar, and coal gas are the products of coal.
    • Petroleum gas, petrol, diesel, kerosene, paraffin wax, lubricating oil are obtained by refining petroleum.
    • Coal and petroleum resources are limited and should be used judiciously.

    Key Concepts

    • Coal: A hard, black substance used as fuel, formed from the remains of ancient vegetation through a process known as carbonisation.
    • Petroleum: A natural resource obtained from decomposed sea organisms, refined to produce fuels such as petrol, diesel, and kerosene.
    • Natural Gas: A clean-burning fossil fuel used for heating and power generation, stored as compressed natural gas (CNG).
    • Fossil Fuels: Energy resources formed from the decomposed remains of ancient plants and animals, including coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
    • Refining: The process of separating various constituents from crude petroleum to produce usable fuels and materials.