Detailed Summary
The population growth of India has profound implications for its socio-economic development and resource management. As of March 2011, India had a population of 1,210.6 million, representing over 17% of the world's total population, yet this figure is unevenly distributed across the nation. For instance, Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state accounting for 16% of the total population, while smaller regions like Sikkim have much lower populations.
Population density varies dramatically, with Bihar having the highest density at 1,102 persons per sq km compared to just 17 in Arunachal Pradesh. The dynamics of population change are influenced by three key aspects: birth rates, death rates, and migration. Birth rates have historically been higher than death rates, leading to natural growth despite declines in growth rates since 1981. Notably, internal migration is altering population distribution, with a trend from rural to urban areas due to economic opportunities.
The section underscores the significance of understanding population growth's complexities, the factors contributing to it, and the related challenges India faces, including resource allocation and urbanization.