POPULATION
Population is a vital element in understanding societal development. This section examines India's population as of March 2011, which is over 1.2 billion people, accounting for 17% of the world's total population. Such a large population is unevenly distributed across India, impacting economic and social dynamics.
The 2011 Census reveals that Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state, while areas like Sikkim and Lakshadweep have significantly lower populations. Various factors contribute to this uneven distribution, including geographical and climatic conditions.
Population density, calculated by the number of persons per square kilometer, shows that India is among the most densely populated nations, with a density of 382 persons per km² as of 2011.
Since 1951, India's population has steadily increased, reaching 1,210 million in 2011, with a gradual decline in the growth rate since 1981. This decline is attributed to a reduction in birth rates, while the absolute increase remains significant due to the large base population. Three primary processes influence population change: births, deaths, and migration, with migration notably impacting distribution.
The adolescent population forms around 20% of the total population, highlighting issues related to health and nutrition. The government has initiated programs, including the National Population Policy 2000, to promote responsible family planning. Overall, understanding population dynamics is crucial for addressing environmental sustainability and resource management in India.