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This section defines electric potential difference, demonstrating its significance in electrical circuits. The potential difference (measured in volts) is essential for understanding how current flows, governed by devices like batteries that create this difference to set electrons in motion.
Electric potential difference (V) is defined between two points in an electric circuit as the amount of work done (W) to move a unit charge (Q) from one point to another. Mathematically, it’s expressed by the formula:
$$ V = \frac{W}{Q} $$
The unit of electric potential difference is the volt (V), where 1 V equals 1 joule per coulomb (1 V = 1 J/C). The section further elaborates on how the potential difference is generated by batteries and how it initiates the flow of electric charge—setting the foundation for electric current.
Additionally, the relationship between the current (I) in an electric circuit and potential difference is highlighted, introducing important concepts like Ohm's law. It mentions practical applications of potential difference and how it’s measured using devices like voltmeters.
Electric Potential Difference: The work done moving a unit charge through an electrical field.
Volt: The measurement unit for electric potential difference.
Current: The rate of flow of electric charges.
Ohm's Law: The relation between current, voltage, and resistance in a circuit.
Resistance: A material's opposition to the flow of electric current.
Volt equals work over charge, measure it near and far!
Imagine a battery as a mountain. The potential difference is the effort needed to move a rock (charge) from the bottom to the top!
V = W/Q can be remembered as 'Very Wise Quotient' to recall the formula.
When a battery creates a 6 V potential difference, it means 6 joules of work are done to move a charge of 1 coulomb between its terminals.
If an electric circuit has a resistance of 2 ohms and a voltage of 10 volts, Ohm's law tells us that the current flowing through it will be 5 A.
Term: Electric Potential Difference
Definition: The work done to move a unit charge between two points in a circuit, measured in volts.
The work done to move a unit charge between two points in a circuit, measured in volts.
Term: Volt
Definition: The unit of electric potential difference, equivalent to one joule per coulomb.
The unit of electric potential difference, equivalent to one joule per coulomb.
Term: Current
Definition: The flow of electric charge, commonly measured in amperes.
The flow of electric charge, commonly measured in amperes.
Term: Ohm’s Law
Definition: A fundamental relationship stating that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it, assuming constant resistance.
A fundamental relationship stating that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it, assuming constant resistance.
Term: Resistance
Definition: A measure of the opposition to the flow of electric current, measured in ohms.
A measure of the opposition to the flow of electric current, measured in ohms.