6. Control and Coordination
The chapter explores the mechanisms of control and coordination in living organisms, emphasizing the roles of nervous and hormonal systems in facilitating responses to environmental stimuli. It discusses how reflex actions, voluntary movements, and hormonal actions contribute to an organism's adaptability and function. The chapter also highlights the differences between animal and plant responses to stimuli, with a focus on the biochemical processes involved in these actions.
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Sections
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What we have learnt
- Control and coordination are the functions of the nervous system and hormones in our bodies.
- The responses of the nervous system can be classified as reflex action, voluntary action or involuntary action.
- The nervous system uses electrical impulses to transmit messages.
- The nervous system gets information from our sense organs and acts through our muscles.
- Chemical coordination is seen in both plants and animals.
- Hormones produced in one part of an organism move to another part to achieve the desired effect.
- A feedback mechanism regulates the action of the hormones.
Key Concepts
- -- Reflex Action
- A quick, automatic response to a stimulus that does not involve conscious thought.
- -- Nervous System
- A complex network of nerves and cells that transmits signals between different parts of the body.
- -- Hormones
- Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands that travel through the bloodstream to regulate physiological processes.
- -- Phototropism
- The directional growth of a plant in response to light.
- -- Neurons
- Specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses throughout the body.
- -- Feedback Mechanism
- A process that regulates the levels of hormones in the body by responding to the concentration of substances.
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