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Environmental Quality Monitoring & Analysis, - Vol 1
Explore and master the fundamentals of Environmental Quality Monitoring & Analysis, - Vol 1
You've not yet enrolled in this course. Please enroll for free to listen to audio lessons, classroom podcasts and take practice test.Chapter 1
Introduction
The chapter discusses the importance of environmental quality monitoring and assessment, highlighting the significance of understanding exposure pathways, sources of environmental pollutants, and the interaction of chemicals within environmental compartments. It also emphasizes the role of toxicology and risk assessment in determining health effects related to environmental pollutants.
Chapter 2
Environmental Quality: Monitoring and Assessment
The chapter discusses the classification of chemicals of concern, focusing on pollutant types and their implications for human health and environmental safety. It categorizes these substances based on both their chemical properties, such as aliphatic and aromatic compounds, and their applications across various industries. The necessity of monitoring and assessing these chemicals is emphasized to ensure public safety and mitigate potential health risks associated with exposure.
Chapter 3
Water Quality Screening Parameters - part A
The chapter discusses the importance of water quality screening parameters, emphasizing the need for quick assessments of water safety. It explores various pollutants, screening methods, and classifications of dissolved and suspended solids. Understanding these parameters is crucial for ensuring the safety of drinking water and making informed decisions regarding water treatment.
Chapter 4
Water Quality Parameters - part B
The chapter discusses water quality parameters, focusing on classifications of pollutants and their impacts on environmental health. It highlights the importance of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS), along with Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) as metrics for assessing water quality. The implications of organic loads from both natural and anthropogenic sources on water systems are also explored.
Chapter 5
Air Quality Parameters: Sustainability
The chapter delves into air quality parameters and the concept of aerosols, emphasizing the dual nature of air as a mixture of solid and liquid particles along with gases. It outlines the significant contributors to air pollution, notably combustion, and discusses the need for monitoring and regulation of pollutants such as NOx, SO2, and particulate matter to safeguard public health and the environment. Furthermore, the chapter highlights the challenge of establishing sustainable practices that reconcile economic activities with environmental preservation.
Chapter 6
PM – Particulate Matter
The chapter focuses on particulate matter (PM), highlighting its significance in air quality monitoring and the health impacts associated with different sizes of particulate matter, notably PM10 and PM2.5. It discusses the aerodynamic diameter, the mechanisms of particle deposition within the human respiratory system, and the evolving health standards related to various particulate sizes. Key references for further reading include books and literature from authoritative environmental agencies.
Chapter 7
Physical and Chemical properties of interest
The chapter explores the physical and chemical properties of various chemicals, with a heightening focus on their behavior in environmental contexts. Key properties discussed include aqueous solubility, vapor pressure, and partition coefficients, all crucial for understanding chemical interactions in air, water, and biological systems. The principles of chemical equilibrium are highlighted, depicting how substances distribute themselves between phases at equilibrium conditions.
Chapter 8
Physical and Chemical properties of interest
The chapter discusses the physical and chemical properties of environmental quality monitoring, focusing on mass concentration and its significance in various media like air, water, and soil. It elaborates on key concepts like aqueous solubility, vapor pressure, and partition constants, which are crucial for understanding the behavior of chemicals in the environment. The relationship between organic chemicals and soil properties is emphasized, along with the implications for environmental contamination and remediation.
Chapter 9
Concept of KOC and Partitioning
This chapter focuses on the partitioning behavior of chemicals in relation to organic carbon and their implications in environmental science. It examines the significance of the partition coefficient KOC as a normalized measure of chemical interaction with organic matter compared to water. The discussion extends to the concepts of bioaccumulation and the octanol-water partition coefficient KOW, linking physical chemistry principles to practical environmental and health considerations.
Chapter 10
Soil-Air partition constants
The chapter discusses the significance of soil-air partition constants and their implications for the environmental transport of chemicals. It highlights the differences in behavior and binding properties between organic and inorganic compounds in soil systems. Key concepts include bioavailability and the factors influencing the mobility and toxicity of substances like chromium in various environmental settings.
Chapter 11
Soil as an Unsaturated Solid System
The chapter discusses unsaturated soils and their moisture content, detailing the classification of soil based on saturation levels such as wet, damp, and dry. It explores the implications of soil moisture on chemical partitioning, emphasizing the relationships between air, water, and organic carbon within the soil matrix. Additionally, the chapter outlines methods to measure partition constants and the factors affecting equilibrium in unsaturated conditions.
Chapter 12
Soil-Air Partition Constants
This chapter explores the concept of soil-air partition constants and their application in understanding contaminant fate and transport. It emphasizes the importance of calculating how chemicals partition between different phases such as water and soil, as well as the role of moisture content and various constants such as log K_oc and Henry's constant in achieving mass balance in environmental assessments. The discussion illustrates the complexities of water and chemical behavior in systems like lakes and groundwater.
Chapter 13
Monitoring
The chapter delves into the principles and practices of environmental monitoring, emphasizing the importance of establishing clear objectives for monitoring activities. It explains how sampling is fundamental to understanding water quality, air quality, and other environmental factors, significantly focusing on determining pollution sources and the implications for health and regulatory frameworks. The chapter also covers methodologies for designing effective monitoring programs and the need for comprehensive analysis to draw actionable insights from data.
Chapter 14
Environmental Sampling
The chapter explores various facets of environmental sampling, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate sampling volumes and methods for accurate measurement of concentrations in different matrices. Key principles of measurement precision and accuracy are discussed, alongside the role of detection limits and sensitivity in analytical methods. Practical examples illustrate the process of obtaining total suspended solids in water and the implications of instrument detection limits.
Chapter 15
Accuracy in Measurement
Environmental quality monitoring and analysis focuses on achieving precise measurements by comparing measured values to established standards. Understanding accuracy, precision, and the significance of calibration is crucial to ensuring reliable analytical results, especially in complex measurements like concentrations. Standard organizations globally work towards defining and maintaining these standards for various measurements.