25.6.1. Balance of Organ Systems

Try these first

1. 1.

   Define hydraulic gradient lines.

   Hint

   Think about where the water surface would be.

2. 2.

   What does the energy gradient line include?

   Hint

   Consider what factors contribute to total energy.

3. 3.

   What does the hydraulic gradient line coincide with in open channel flow?

   • Pressure head
   • Free surface
   • Energy head

   Hint

   Remember the characteristics of open channels.

4. 4.

   True or False: Energy gradient lines never slope downwards.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Think about energy dissipated through friction.

5. 5.

   In a closed hydraulic system, if a pump increases the pressure from 2 bar to 5 bar and the flow rate is 10 L/min, what is the mechanical power input required for this system?

   Hint

   Use the formula relating power to flow rate and pressure head.

6. 6.

   If the energy efficiency of a hydraulic system is calculated to be 75%, and the input energy is 400 J, how much energy is lost?

   Hint

   Knowing the efficiency can help calculate the output energy, hence the lost energy.