16.3.1. Subcritical Flow

Try these first

1. 1.

   What is the Froude number for a subcritical flow?

   Hint

   Consider the definition of subcritical flow.

2. 2.

   Define specific energy in the context of fluid flow.

   Hint

   Think about the components of energy.

3. 3.

   What is the Froude number of a subcritical flow?

   • > 1
   • < 1
   • = 1

   Hint

   Reference the definition of subcritical flow.

4. 4.

   True or False: Hydraulic jumps only occur in subcritical flows.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Consider what types of flows result in jumps.

5. 5.

   Analyze a situation where a river downstream of a dam transitions from supercritical to subcritical. Calculate the energy losses if the upstream conditions are a velocity of 15 m/s and depth of 1.5 m.

   Hint

   Refer to hydraulic jump principles and energy conservation.

6. 6.

   Design a spillway considering hydraulic jumps and energy dissipation. Discuss how the design can minimize erosion.

   Hint

   Review best practices for spillway designs considering specific energy.