3. Turbulent Velocity Profile

Try these first

1. 1.

   Define turbulent flow in simple terms.

   Hint

   Think about how turbulence appears visually in water.

2. 2.

   What is shear stress?

   Hint

   Consider how forces are applied along the direction of flow.

3. 3.

   What is the primary characteristic of turbulent flow?

   • Smooth and orderly
   • Chaotic and irregular
   • Constant velocity

   Hint

   Think of how turbulent flow appears in nature like in rivers.

4. 4.

   True or False: Shear stress decreases as you move away from the wall in turbulent flow.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Consider the forces acting near the surface compared to deeper in the flow.

5. 5.

   A pipe with a diameter of 50 mm has a maximum velocity of 2 m/s at the center. If the shear stress at the wall is 70 Pa, calculate the velocity defect using the velocity defect law.

   Hint

   Use appropriate units and remember the layers in turbulent flow can influence the answer.

6. 6.

   Given water flowing through a rough pipe with an average height of irregularities of 0.3 mm and a kinematic viscosity of 0.01 m^2/s, determine if the flow is smooth, transitional, or rough.

   Hint

   Reread the definitions and ensure to convert all measurements to consistent units.