1.2. Laminar and Turbulent Flow (Contd.)

Try these first

1. 1.

   What is shear stress in turbulent flow primarily attributable to?

   Hint

   Think of what accounts for extra stress in turbulent conditions.

2. 2.

   Define eddy viscosity in your own words.

   Hint

   Consider what happens to fluid momentum during turbulence.

3. 3.

   What overall factor contributes to shear stress in turbulent flow?

   • Only viscosity
   • Eddy viscosity
   • Both viscosity and eddy viscosity

   Hint

   Remember the components that influence shear stress.

4. 4.

   True or False: Eddy viscosity depends solely on the fluid's properties.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Consider how turbulence influences viscosity.

5. 5.

   A pipe carries water at high velocity leading to turbulent flow. Discuss how eddy viscosity would compare to dynamic viscosity in this scenario.

   Hint

   Consider how turbulence at high speeds increases momentum transfer.

6. 6.

   Derive the approximate relationship of turbulent shear stress in a pipe using Prandtl's mixing length theory and suggest improvements for engineering design.

   Hint

   Think of ways to implement this theory practically to reduce energy losses in pipelines.