Cell Biology

Sections

Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.

1. 0

   Introduction

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   Cell Biology is the foundation of all living organisms, exploring cell...

2. 1

   The Cell Theory

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   The Cell Theory articulates that all living organisms are made up of cells,...

3. 1.1

   All Living Things Are Made Of One Or More Cells.

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   All living organisms are composed of cells, which are the fundamental units of life.

4. 1.2

   The Cell Is The Basic Unit Of Structure And Function In Living Things.

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   Cells are the fundamental units of life, forming the basic structure and...

5. 1.3

   All Cells Come From Pre-Existing Cells.

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6. 2

   Types Of Cells

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   This section covers the two main types of cells—prokaryotic and...

7. 2.1

   Prokaryotic Cells: Simple Structure, No Nucleus, E.g., Bacteria.

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   Prokaryotic cells are characterized by their simple structure, lack of a...

8. 2.2

   Eukaryotic Cells: Complex Structure, With Membrane-Bound Organelles, E.g., Plant And Animal Cells.

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   Eukaryotic cells are complex structures characterized by membrane-bound...

9. 2.3

   Feature Comparison

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   This section compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, highlighting their...

10. 2.3.1

    Nucleus: Absent (Prokaryotes) / Present (Eukaryotes)

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    This section highlights the presence of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells...

11. 2.3.2

    Organelles: No Membrane-Bound Ones (Prokaryotes) / Membrane-Bound Organelles (Eukaryotes)

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    This section examines the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic...

12. 2.3.3

    Size: 0.1–5 Μm (Prokaryotes) / 10–100 Μm (Eukaryotes)

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    This section discusses the size differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

13. 3

    Cell Structures And Functions

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    This section examines the various organelles within cells, highlighting...

14. 3.1

    Animal And Plant Cell Organelles

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    This section explores the various organelles found in animal and plant...

15. 3.1.1

    Cell Membrane: Semi-Permeable Barrier Controlling Movement In/out Of Cell

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    The cell membrane acts as a semi-permeable barrier that regulates the...

16. 3.1.2

    Cytoplasm: Jelly-Like Substance Where Reactions Occur

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    The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance essential for cellular reactions,...

17. 3.1.3

    Nucleus: Contains Dna, Controls Cell Activities

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    The nucleus is a vital organelle that stores DNA and regulates cell activities.

18. 3.1.4

    Mitochondria: Site Of Aerobic Respiration (Energy Production)

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    Mitochondria are the vital organelles within eukaryotic cells responsible...

19. 3.1.5

    Ribosomes: Site Of Protein Synthesis

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    Ribosomes serve as the key cellular structure where protein synthesis...

20. 3.1.6

    Endoplasmic Reticulum (Er): Transport Of Materials; Rough Er Has Ribosomes

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    The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) plays a crucial role in transporting...

21. 3.1.7

    Golgi Apparatus: Packaging And Transport Of Proteins And Lipids

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    The Golgi apparatus is crucial for packaging and transporting proteins and...

22. 3.1.8

    Lysosomes: Contains Enzymes To Digest Substances (In Animal Cells)

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    Lysosomes are organelles in animal cells that contain enzymes to digest...

23. 3.1.9

    Cell Wall (Plant): Rigid Outer Layer For Support (Cellulose)

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    The cell wall is a rigid structure in plant cells made of cellulose,...

24. 3.1.10

    Chloroplasts (Plant): Site Of Photosynthesis (Contains Chlorophyll)

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    Chloroplasts are vital organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis...

25. 3.1.11

    Vacuole (Plant): Large Central Vacuole Stores Water And Nutrients

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    The plant vacuole is a large, central structure that plays a vital role in...

26. 4

    Microscopy And Cell Observation

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    This section covers the types of microscopes, their uses, and the concept of...

27. 4.1

    Types Of Microscopes

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    This section introduces the various types of microscopes, specifically...

28. 4.1.1

    Light Microscope: Used In Classrooms; Shows Live Cells, Low Resolution.

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    Light microscopes are essential tools in classrooms for observing live...

29. 4.1.2

    Electron Microscope: High Magnification And Resolution; Shows Internal Structures In Detail.

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    The electron microscope allows for high magnification and resolution, making...

30. 4.2

    Magnification Formula

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    The magnification formula is essential for determining how much larger an...

31. 5

    Cell Specialization And Differentiation

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    This section explores how cells specialize and differentiate to perform...

32. 5.1

    Specialized Cells: Cells That Perform Specific Functions (E.g., Muscle Cells, Nerve Cells, Red Blood Cells).

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33. 5.2

    Differentiation: The Process By Which A Cell Changes To Become Specialized.

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    Differentiation is the process that allows cells to specialize for specific...

34. 6

    Cellular Processes

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    This section covers key cellular processes including diffusion, osmosis, and...

35. 6.1

    Diffusion

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    Diffusion is the process where particles move from areas of high...

36. 6.1.1

    Movement Of Particles From High To Low Concentration.

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    This section discusses diffusion, the process where particles move from an...

37. 6.1.2

    Example: Oxygen Diffusing Into Blood Cells.

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38. 6.2

    Osmosis

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    Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane, a vital...

39. 6.2.1

    Diffusion Of Water Across A Semi-Permeable Membrane.

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40. 6.3

    Active Transport

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    Active transport is a cellular process that moves substances against their...

41. 6.3.1

    Movement Of Substances Against The Concentration Gradient Using Energy (Atp).

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42. 7

    Cell Division

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    This section covers the process of cell division, particularly mitosis,...

43. 7.1

    Mitosis

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    Mitosis is a vital process of cell division that results in two genetically...

44. 7.1.1

    Cell Division Producing Two Genetically Identical Daughter Cells.

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    Mitosis is the process of cell division whereby one cell divides to produce...

45. 7.1.2

    Stages Of Mitosis: Interphase → Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase → Cytokinesis.

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46. 7.2

    Functions Of Mitosis

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    Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in two identical daughter...

47. 7.2.1

    Growth

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    This section explores how cells grow, including the processes involved in...

48. 7.2.2

    Repair

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    This section explores the process of cell repair and regeneration,...

49. 7.2.3

    Asexual Reproduction

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    Asexual reproduction is a form of reproduction involving a single parent...

50. 8

    Myp Science Skills Focus (Inquiry And Research)

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    This section emphasizes the importance of scientific inquiry and research...

51. 8.1

    Formulating Scientific Questions

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    This section focuses on developing skills for formulating scientific...

52. 8.1.1

    What Are The Differences In Cell Structure Between Plant And Animal Cells?

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    Plant and animal cells differ in several key structural features,...

53. 8.1.2

    How Does Osmosis Affect Living Cells?

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    Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane,...

54. 8.2

    Planning Investigations

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    This section covers the essential steps involved in planning scientific...

55. 8.2.1

    Microscopic Investigation Of Onion Epidermis And Cheek Cells.

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    This section focuses on the microscopic examination of onion epidermis and...

56. 8.2.2

    Experiment On Osmosis Using Potato Strips In Different Salt Concentrations.

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    This section outlines an experiment to investigate osmosis through potato...

57. 8.3

    Recording & Presenting Data

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    This section emphasizes the importance of accurately recording and...

58. 8.3.1

    Creating Annotated Biological Diagrams.

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59. 8.3.2

    Recording Microscope Observations And Calculating Magnification.

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    This section focuses on the importance of recording microscope observations...

60. 8.4

    Interpreting Results

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    This section discusses how to analyze and explain the outcomes of cell-based...

61. 8.4.1

    Explain Changes In Mass Of Potato Strips Due To Osmosis.

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    This section discusses how osmosis affects the mass of potato strips when...

62. 8.4.2

    Draw Conclusions On The Effect Of Solutions On Cells.

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    This section explains how different solutions can affect cells through...

63. 9

    Approaches To Learning (Atl Skills)

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    ATL Skills encourage students to engage critically and creatively with...

64. 9.1

    Thinking Skills: Analyze Models Of Cells, Compare Data From Experiments.

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    This section emphasizes the significance of cell models in analyzing...

65. 9.2

    Research Skills: Use Multiple Resources To Study Cell Theory And New Discoveries.

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    This section emphasizes the importance of utilizing various resources to...

66. 9.3

    Communication Skills: Present Findings Through Diagrams, Reports, Or Digital Presentations.

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    Effective communication of scientific findings is crucial for sharing...

67. 9.4

    Self-Management: Maintain Lab Safety And Follow Procedures Accurately.

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    Effective self-management in the laboratory requires adherence to safety...

68. 10

    Real-Life Applications

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    This section explores the relevance of cell biology in understanding genetic...

69. 10.1

    Understanding Genetic Diseases And Stem Cell Therapy.

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70. 10.2

    Biotechnological Innovations Like Genetically Modified Organisms (Gmos).

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    This section discusses the significance of biotechnological innovations,...

71. 10.3

    Research In Cancer And Regenerative Medicine.

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72. 11

    Summary

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    Cell biology explores the structure and function of cells, the fundamental...