In a representative democracy, political parties and elections are fundamental components that allow citizens to engage with their government and influence public policy. This section covers essential concepts regarding political parties and electoral systems, aiming to encourage students to articulate their understanding through short answer questions. Political parties serve multiple functions, including representing citizens and forming government. Electoral systems, which define how votes translate into seats, vary significantly across countries, affecting election outcomes and representation. Through short answer questions, students will explore and articulate key features of political parties, essential characteristics of free and fair elections, and the significance of political participation.