Factors of Production
Factors of production are the inputs used to produce goods and services, forming the foundation of economic activities. Understanding these factors is essential for analyzing how resources can be utilized efficiently. The four primary factors are:
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Land: Refers to all natural resources such as soil, water, minerals, and forests that are used in the production process. Land possesses unique characteristics such as being a passive factor with a fixed supply and no production cost to society, and it has rent as its reward.
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Labour: This encompasses human effort, both physical and mental, used in production. It includes skilled and unskilled workers, with characteristics such as being an active factor and perishable over time. Wages serve as the reward for labor.
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Capital: Man-made resources utilized in production, such as tools, machinery, and buildings, fall under this category. Capital can be divided into fixed and working capital, with interest as its reward.
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Entrepreneur (Enterprise): The individual who organizes and manages production, taking on the associated risks. Entrepreneurs innovate and make key decisions, earning profits as their reward.
The interplay of these factors is crucial for achieving efficiency and productivity, contributing to economic growth and improved living standards.