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ICSE Class 12 Computer Science covers foundational programming concepts and advanced topics like data structures and algorithms, focusing on Java programming.
Recursion is a programming technique where a function calls itself to solve parts of a problem, aiding in solving smaller sub-problems through its elegant structure. Key elements include base cases to halt recursion and recursive cases to move towards these base cases. While beneficial for problems organized hierarchically, recursion may consume more memory and risk stack overflow, highlighting both its advantages and disadvantages in various applications.