ICSE Class 8 Biology | Chapter 2 : Reproduction in plants and animals by Abraham | Learn Smarter
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Chapter 2 : Reproduction in plants and animals

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  • 1

    Plant Reproduction

    This section explores plant reproduction through asexual and sexual methods, detailing the processes and structures involved. <img id="dimg_jnA4aKK4BbuVseMPsMLZ6A8_333" 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" class="YQ4gaf" height="168" style="object-position:42% 33%" width="300" alt="Sexual and Asexual Reproduction in Plants" data-csiid="jnA4aKK4BbuVseMPsMLZ6A8_3" data-atf="1">

  • 1.1

    Asexual Reproduction

    Asexual reproduction is a method of reproduction that produces offspring without the need for sexual processes, ensuring species continuity.

  • 1.2

    Sexual Reproduction (Flowering Plants)

    Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves intricate processes such as pollination, fertilization, and seed formation, highlighting the roles of flower parts.

  • 2

    Animal Reproduction

    Animal reproduction encompasses a variety of methods, including both asexual and sexual reproduction, which are essential for the continuation of species.

  • 2.1

    Asexual Methods

    This section covers the asexual reproduction methods in plants and animals, illustrating their processes and examples.

  • 2.2

    Sexual Reproduction

    Sexual reproduction in plants and animals is a biological process that involves the fusion of gametes to produce offspring.

  • 3

    Comparative Table

    This section highlights the key differences and similarities between plant and animal reproduction, focusing on asexual and sexual methods.

  • 4

    Case Study: Bamboo Flowering

    This section explores the unique reproductive phenomenon of certain bamboo species, which flower only once every 120 years and die thereafter.

  • 5

    Chapter Summary

    This chapter discusses plant and animal reproduction, focusing on both asexual and sexual methods for producing offspring.

  • 6

    Activities

    This section focuses on engaging activities that reinforce the concepts of plant and animal reproduction.

  • 6.1

    Dissection

    This section discusses the dissection of flowers to understand their reproductive parts and their comparison with unisexual flowers.

  • 6.2

    Research Project

    This section explores the significance of research projects in biology, particularly in studying the reproduction of various organisms.

  • 7

    Visuals To Add

    This section focuses on the importance of visuals in understanding plant and animal reproduction.

  • 8

    Did You Know?

    In this section, fascinating insights into the reproductive strategies of plants and animals are highlighted, showcasing the uniqueness of various species.

  • 9

    Assessment Questions

    This section poses questions designed to assess understanding of reproductive methods in plants and animals.

References

bio ch2.pdf

Class Notes

Memorization

Revision Tests