Advanced ML Topics & Ethical Considerations (Weeks 14) - Machine Learning
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Advanced ML Topics & Ethical Considerations (Weeks 14)

Advanced ML Topics & Ethical Considerations (Weeks 14)

The module explores advanced topics in machine learning, focusing on the ethical and societal implications related to AI systems. It emphasizes the importance of bias detection and mitigation, accountability, transparency, and privacy within AI development. The introduction of explainable AI (XAI) methods like LIME and SHAP underpins the need for interpretability in complex models to ensure they are ethical and trustworthy in real-world applications.

86 sections

Sections

Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.

  1. 7
    Advanced Ml Topics & Ethical Considerations

    This section explores advanced topics in machine learning, emphasizing the...

  2. 7.1
    Week 14: Ethics In Ml & Model Interpretability

    This section emphasizes the crucial need for ethical considerations and...

  3. 7.2
    Module Objectives (For Week 14)

    This section outlines the key learning objectives for Week 14, focusing on...

  4. 1
    Bias And Fairness In Machine Learning: Origins, Detection, And Remediation

    This section examines the concept of bias in machine learning, outlining its...

  5. 1.1
    Deconstructing The Sources Of Bias: How Unfairness Enters The System

    The section explores the various sources of bias inherent in machine...

  6. 1.1.1
    Historical Bias (Societal Bias)

    Historical bias, a significant source of systemic inequities in machine...

  7. 1.1.2
    Representation Bias (Sampling Bias / Underrepresentation)

    This section discusses representation bias in machine learning, highlighting...

  8. 1.1.3
    Measurement Bias (Feature Definition Bias / Proxy Bias)

    This section explores Measurement Bias, detailing how flaws in data...

  9. 1.1.4
    Labeling Bias (Ground Truth Bias / Annotation Bias)

    Labeling bias refers to the systematic inaccuracies introduced during the...

  10. 1.1.5
    Algorithmic Bias (Optimization Bias / Inductive Bias)

    Algorithmic bias refers to systematic discrimination generated by AI...

  11. 1.1.6
    Evaluation Bias (Performance Measurement Bias)

    Evaluation bias, or performance measurement bias, refers to the deficiencies...

  12. 1.2
    Conceptual Methodologies For Bias Detection

    This section explores the identification, detection, and mitigation of bias...

  13. 1.2.1
    Disparate Impact Analysis

    Disparate Impact Analysis aims to examine the uneven effects of machine...

  14. 1.2.2
    Fairness Metrics (Quantitative Assessment)

    This section explores quantitative fairness metrics used to assess fairness...

  15. 1.2.3
    Subgroup Performance Analysis

    This section focuses on analyzing the performance of machine learning models...

  16. 1.2.4
    Interpretability Tools (Qualitative Insights)

    This section focuses on interpretability tools in AI, particularly...

  17. 1.3
    Conceptual Mitigation Strategies For Bias: Interventions At Multiple Stages

    This section outlines effective strategies for mitigating bias in machine...

  18. 1.3.1
    Pre-Processing Strategies (Data-Level Interventions)

    This section discusses data-level interventions, particularly pre-processing...

  19. 1.3.1.1

    Re-sampling is a technique used in machine learning to address imbalances in...

  20. 1.3.1.2
    Re-Weighing (Cost-Sensitive Learning)

    Re-weighing is a cost-sensitive learning technique that aims to address bias...

  21. 1.3.1.3
    Fair Representation Learning / Debiasing Embeddings

    This section covers methods for addressing biases in machine learning...

  22. 1.3.2
    In-Processing Strategies (Algorithm-Level Interventions)

    This section explores algorithm-level interventions to ensure fairness in...

  23. 1.3.2.1
    Regularization With Fairness Constraints

    This section discusses how regularization can be integrated with fairness...

  24. 1.3.2.2
    Adversarial Debiasing

    Adversarial debiasing is an advanced technique in machine learning that...

  25. 1.3.3
    Post-Processing Strategies (Output-Level Interventions)

    This section discusses the importance and techniques of post-processing...

  26. 1.3.3.1
    Threshold Adjustment (Optimized For Fairness)

    Threshold adjustment in machine learning models involves calibrating...

  27. 1.3.3.2
    Reject Option Classification

    Reject Option Classification involves abstaining from making predictions in...

  28. 1.3.4
    Holistic And Continuous Approach

    The 'Holistic and Continuous Approach' emphasizes the importance of...

  29. 2
    Accountability, Transparency, And Privacy In Ai: Foundational Ethical Pillars

    This section emphasizes the ethical foundations of AI development focusing...

  30. 2.1
    Accountability: Pinpointing Responsibility In Autonomous Systems

    This section discusses the critical need for accountability in AI systems,...

  31. 2.1.1
    Core Concept

    This section emphasizes the importance of ethics in machine learning,...

  32. 2.1.2
    Paramount Importance

    This section highlights the ethical and societal implications of machine...

  33. 2.1.3
    Inherent Challenges

    This section highlights the ethical challenges and complexities involved in...

  34. 2.2
    Transparency: Unveiling The Ai's Inner Workings

    This section underscores the importance of transparency in AI systems,...

  35. 2.2.1
    Core Concept

    This section examines the ethical implications of machine learning, focusing...

  36. 2.2.2
    Critical Importance

    This section emphasizes the necessity of ethical considerations in machine...

  37. 2.2.3
    Inherent Challenges

    This section focuses on the critical ethical and societal challenges...

  38. 2.3
    Privacy: Safeguarding Personal Information In The Age Of Ai

    This section explores the critical importance of privacy in AI and the...

  39. 2.3.1
    Core Concept

    This section delves into advanced machine learning topics with a focus on...

  40. 2.3.2
    Critical Importance

    This section highlights the critical importance of ethics in machine...

  41. 2.3.3
    Inherent Challenges

    This section explores the ethical and societal implications of AI...

  42. 2.3.4
    Conceptual Mitigation Strategies For Privacy

    This section explores advanced strategies for ensuring privacy in AI,...

  43. 2.3.4.1
    Differential Privacy

    Differential privacy is a crucial technique designed to protect individual...

  44. 2.3.4.2
    Federated Learning

    Federated Learning is a decentralized machine learning approach that enables...

  45. 2.3.4.3
    Homomorphic Encryption

    Homomorphic encryption allows computation on ciphertexts, enabling...

  46. 2.3.4.4
    Secure Multi-Party Computation (Smc)

    Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMC) facilitates collaborative computing...

  47. 3
    Introduction To Explainable Ai (Xai): Illuminating The Black Box

    This section provides an overview of Explainable AI (XAI), its importance in...

  48. 3.1
    The Indispensable Need For Xai

    Explainable AI (XAI) is crucial for fostering trust and ensuring ethical...

  49. 3.1.1
    Building Trust And Fostering Confidence

    This section emphasizes the critical importance of trust and confidence in...

  50. 3.1.2
    Ensuring Compliance And Meeting Regulatory Requirements

    This section discusses the importance of compliance with ethical standards...

  51. 3.1.3
    Facilitating Debugging, Improvement, And Auditing

    This section emphasizes the critical importance of ethics in AI, focusing on...

  52. 3.1.4
    Enabling Scientific Discovery And Knowledge Extraction

    This section emphasizes the critical role of Explainable AI (XAI) in...

  53. 3.2
    Conceptual Categorization Of Xai Methods

    This section categorizes Explainable AI (XAI) methods into local and global...

  54. 3.2.1
    Local Explanations

    Local explanations provide insights into individual predictions made by...

  55. 3.2.2
    Global Explanations

    This section covers the critical ethical principles and methodologies...

  56. 3.3
    Two Prominent And Widely Used Xai Techniques (Conceptual Overview)

    This section discusses two prominent techniques in Explainable AI: LIME and...

  57. 3.3.1
    Lime (Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations)

    LIME is a powerful technique designed to provide interpretable explanations...

  58. 3.3.1.1
    How It Works (Conceptual Mechanism)

    This section delves into Explainable AI (XAI) techniques, specifically LIME...

  59. 3.3.1.1.1
    Perturbation Of The Input

    This section focuses on LIME, an Explainable AI technique that uses input...

  60. 3.3.1.1.2
    Black Box Prediction

    This section delves into the challenges of explainability in AI, focusing on...

  61. 3.3.1.1.3
    Weighted Local Sampling

    Weighted Local Sampling is a technique used in Explainable AI (XAI),...

  62. 3.3.1.1.4
    Local Interpretable Model Training

    Local interpretable model training focuses on creating understandable...

  63. 3.3.1.1.5
    Deriving The Explanation

    This section focuses on the importance of ethical considerations and model...

  64. 3.3.2
    Shap (Shapley Additive Explanations)

    This section introduces SHAP as a leading technique in Explainable AI (XAI)...

  65. 3.3.2.1
    How It Works (Conceptual Mechanism)

    This section explains the mechanisms of Explainable AI (XAI), focusing on...

  66. 3.3.2.1.1
    Fair Attribution Principle

    The Fair Attribution Principle ensures that each feature in a machine...

  67. 3.3.2.1.2
    Marginal Contribution Calculation

    This section focuses on the concept of marginal contribution calculation...

  68. 3.3.2.1.3
    Additive Feature Attribution

    Additive Feature Attribution explains how SHAP uses Shapley values from...

  69. 3.3.2.1.4
    Outputs And Interpretation

    This section delves into advanced machine learning topics focusing on...

  70. 4
    Discussion/case Study: Analyzing Ethical Dilemmas In Real-World Ml Applications

    This section explores ethical dilemmas arising from the deployment of...

  71. 4.1
    A Structured Framework For Ethical Analysis

    This section outlines a structured framework for ethical analysis in AI...

  72. 4.1.1
    Identify All Relevant Stakeholders

    This section emphasizes the importance of identifying all relevant...

  73. 4.1.2
    Pinpoint The Core Ethical Dilemma(S)

    This section explores the fundamental ethical dilemmas that arise in the...

  74. 4.1.3
    Analyze Potential Harms And Risks

    This section emphasizes the critical need to analyze potential harms and...

  75. 4.1.4
    Identify Potential Sources Of Bias (If Applicable)

    This section outlines the different sources of bias in machine learning and...

  76. 4.1.5
    Propose Concrete Mitigation Strategies

    This section focuses on addressing and mitigating bias within machine...

  77. 4.1.5.1
    Technical Solutions

    This section covers the ethical considerations in machine learning,...

  78. 4.1.5.2
    Non-Technical Solutions

    This section explores non-technical solutions essential for ensuring...

  79. 4.1.6
    Consider Inherent Trade-Offs And Unintended Consequences

    This section discusses the ethical considerations and complexities in...

  80. 4.1.7
    Determine Responsibility And Accountability

    This section explores the critical themes of responsibility and...

  81. 4.2
    Illustrative Case Study Examples For In-Depth Discussion

    This section showcases detailed case studies that illuminate the ethical...

  82. 4.2.1
    Case Study 1: Algorithmic Lending Decisions – Perpetuating Economic Disparity

    This section explores how algorithmic lending decisions can create and...

  83. 4.2.2
    Case Study 2: Ai In Automated Hiring And Recruitment – Amplifying Workforce Inequality

    This section examines the ethical implications and biases introduced by AI...

  84. 4.2.3
    Case Study 3: Predictive Policing And Judicial Systems – The Risk Of Reinforcing Injustice

    This case study explores the ethical implications of using predictive...

  85. 4.2.4
    Case Study 4: Privacy Infringements In Large Language Models (Llms) – The Memorization Quandary

    This section explores the privacy risks associated with large language...

  86. 5
    Self-Reflection Questions For Students

    This section provides self-reflection questions aimed at encouraging...

What we have learnt

  • Bias can enter machine learning systems through various stages, leading to unfair outcomes.
  • Accountability, transparency, and privacy are critical ethical pillars in the deployment of AI technologies.
  • Explainable AI techniques like LIME and SHAP are essential for making model decisions interpretable and understanding their implications.

Key Concepts

-- Bias and Fairness
Refers to systematic prejudices embedded within AI systems causing inequitable outcomes, emphasized in the design and deployment of ML models.
-- Accountability in AI
The ability to assign responsibility for the outcomes produced by AI systems, essential for public trust and ethical compliance.
-- Explainable AI (XAI)
A field focused on making AI model decisions comprehensible to humans, enabling insights into how models make predictions.

Additional Learning Materials

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