Memory Management Strategies II - Virtual Memory - Operating Systems
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Memory Management Strategies II - Virtual Memory

Memory Management Strategies II - Virtual Memory

Virtual memory is a sophisticated technique that enhances memory management by allowing processes to operate in an extended address space, regardless of the physical RAM available. Demand paging efficiently loads necessary pages on-demand, while page replacement algorithms optimally manage memory when faults occur. Strategies like Copy-on-Write and the Working-Set Model further reduce overhead and improve process performance while addressing issues such as thrashing and kernel memory allocation.

25 sections

Sections

Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.

  1. 6
    Memory Management Strategies Ii - Virtual Memory

    This section explores virtual memory, its management techniques, and the...

  2. 6.1

    Virtual memory is a memory management technique that allows programs to...

  3. 6.1.1
    Demand Paging

    Demand paging allows programs to load only the pages they need into memory,...

  4. 6.1.1.1
    How It Works

    This section explains the workings of virtual memory, highlighting demand...

  5. 6.1.1.2
    Benefits Of Demand Paging

    Demand paging enhances memory management by loading only the necessary pages...

  6. 6.1.2

    Page faults are critical interrupts that occur when a program attempts to...

  7. 6.1.2.1
    Detailed Steps Of Page Fault Handling

    This section outlines the detailed steps involved in handling page faults in...

  8. 6.1.3
    Copy-On-Write (Cow)

    Copy-on-Write (COW) is an optimization technique used in operating systems...

  9. 6.1.3.1

    The mechanism of virtual memory involves demand paging and page fault...

  10. 6.1.3.2

    This section outlines the key benefits of utilizing demand paging in virtual...

  11. 6.2
    Page Replacement Algorithms

    Page replacement algorithms are strategies used by operating systems to...

  12. 6.2.1
    Fifo (First-In, First-Out)

    The FIFO page replacement algorithm evicts the oldest page in memory first,...

  13. 6.2.2
    Optimal (Opt / Min)

    The Optimal page replacement algorithm provides a theoretical standard for...

  14. 6.2.3
    Lru (Least Recently Used)

    The LRU (Least Recently Used) page replacement algorithm replaces the page...

  15. 6.2.4
    Counting-Based Algorithms

    Counting-based algorithms utilize the frequency of page accesses to make...

  16. 6.2.4.1
    Lfu (Least Frequently Used)

    The LFU algorithm is a page replacement strategy that evicts the least...

  17. 6.2.4.2
    Mfu (Most Frequently Used)

    The MFU page replacement algorithm selects the page with the highest access...

  18. 6.2.5
    Working-Set Model

    The Working-Set Model is a memory management strategy designed to minimize...

  19. 6.3

    Thrashing is a severe performance issue in virtual memory systems caused by...

  20. 6.3.1
    Causes Of Thrashing

    Thrashing occurs when a system is overwhelmed by page faults, hindering...

  21. 6.3.2
    Symptoms Of Thrashing

    Thrashing occurs when excessive paging leads to reduced system performance,...

  22. 6.3.3
    Solutions To Thrashing

    This section outlines key solutions to the performance issue of thrashing in...

  23. 6.4
    Allocating Kernel Memory

    Kernel memory management involves the efficient allocation of memory for...

  24. 6.4.1
    Buddy System

    The Buddy System is an efficient memory management algorithm used in...

  25. 6.4.2
    Slab Allocation

    Slab allocation is an efficient memory management technique within operating...

What we have learnt

  • Virtual memory allows processes to function as if they have their own large memory space.
  • Demand paging improves efficiency by loading only required pages into physical memory.
  • Various page replacement algorithms help manage memory effectively during page faults.
  • Thrashing can significantly impede system performance if too many processes vie for limited memory resources.
  • Kernel memory management requires specialized techniques like the buddy system and slab allocation for optimal performance.

Key Concepts

-- Virtual Memory
A technique that creates the illusion of a large, contiguous memory space for each process, regardless of physical memory limitations.
-- Demand Paging
A memory management scheme that loads pages into physical memory only when they are needed during program execution.
-- Page Fault
An interrupt generated when a program tries to access a page that is not currently loaded in physical memory.
-- Thrashing
A scenario where excessive paging occurs, causing the system to spend more time swapping pages than executing useful processes.
-- Buddy System
A memory allocation algorithm that manages memory in blocks of sizes that are powers of two, minimizing fragmentation.
-- Slab Allocation
A memory management method that uses caches for frequently used data structures, reducing overhead and fragmentation.

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