Day 44: Writing Basic Selenium Test Scripts
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Introduction to Selenium and WebDriver Basics
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Welcome, everyone! Today we delve into writing basic Selenium test scripts. First, can someone remind us what Selenium WebDriver is?
Selenium WebDriver is a tool for automating web applications.
Correct! It allows us to simulate user interactions. Does anyone know what kind of tasks we can automate with it?
We can automate tasks like filling forms, clicking buttons, and navigating between pages.
Exactly! We can simulate various user actions. Let's learn how to write a script for a simple task: logging into a web application.
Writing a Basic Test Script
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Now, letβs look at a basic Selenium script. The structure starts with importing the required libraries. Can anyone name an essential library we need?
We need 'selenium.webdriver'.
Great! After importing, we define our WebDriver instance. Here's an example script: `driver = webdriver.Chrome()`. Next, we navigate to a page using `driver.get()`. Can someone suggest a URL we could use for practice?
How about 'https://example.com/login'?
Perfect! Once we reach the page, where do we write code to input our credentials?
We can use `driver.find_element_by_id()` to find elements by their ID.
Yes! For example, we can enter a username using `driver.find_element_by_id('username').send_keys('user')`. Letβs practice writing a script together.
Assertions in Selenium Tests
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Now that we can write basic scripts, it's vital to verify that our test performs as expected. This is where assertions come in. What is an assertion in this context?
An assertion checks if a certain condition is true during our test execution.
Correct! It ensures our test results align with our expectations. Can anyone recall how we structure an assertion in Selenium?
We can use `assert` statements to verify expected outcomes.
Exactly! For example, we can assert that a user lands on the correct dashboard after logging in. Let's practice writing assertions together.
Hands-on Automation Exercise
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Weβll now undertake a hands-on exercise. I want each of you to write a complete Selenium test script to automate a login process based on what we discussed. Remember to include element locating, actions, and assertions.
What if I get stuck? Is there any guidance?
Absolutely! Refer back to the script structure we discussed, and use the resources provided for templates. Any additional challenges?
How do I handle wait times between actions?
Good question! You can use `WebDriverWait` for managing wait times dynamically. After you've written your scripts, let's run them and troubleshoot any issues together.
Introduction & Overview
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Quick Overview
Standard
In Day 44, learners develop foundational skills in writing Selenium test scripts, with practical examples demonstrating how to automate tasks such as form submissions and logins as part of the broader automation testing framework.
Detailed
Writing Basic Selenium Test Scripts
In this section, students gain hands-on experience in writing basic test scripts using Selenium, a leading automation tool for web applications. The primary focus is on automating simple tasks that simulate user interactions, such as logging into a website or submitting a form. The section begins with a review of the Selenium WebDriver, its library imports, and command structure. An example script is provided to illustrate how to navigate to a web page, find web elements by their identifiers, and perform actions such as clicking buttons and entering text. Students are then tasked with writing their scripts to automate specific tasks, reinforcing their understanding of Selenium's syntax and capabilities. Overall, this section is critical for establishing a practical base in automation testing, making it easier for learners to transition to more complex automation frameworks later in the course.
Audio Book
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Introduction to Selenium Test Scripts
Chapter 1 of 3
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Chapter Content
Students write scripts to automate simple tasks like form submissions.
Detailed Explanation
This chunk introduces the idea of using Selenium to automate tasks in a web browser. Automation testing involves writing scripts that can perform actions like filling out forms, clicking buttons, and navigating between pages without manual intervention. This not only saves time but also increases accuracy in testing, as the same script can be executed multiple times without error.
Examples & Analogies
Think of Selenium like a robot assistant in an office. Instead of a human filling out forms and clicking on buttons, the robot does everything faster and without getting tired. Just as you would program a robot with specific instructions to complete tasks, you write scripts for Selenium to behave the way you want in a browser.
Example Basic Script
Chapter 2 of 3
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Chapter Content
Example Script:
from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(βhttps://example.com/loginβ) driver.find_element_by_id(βusernameβ).send_keys(βuserβ) driver.find_element_by_id(βpasswordβ).send_keys(βpassβ) driver.find_element_by_id(βloginβ).click()
Detailed Explanation
This chunk presents an example of a basic Selenium script written in Python. The script performs the following steps: it imports the necessary WebDriver library, initializes the Chrome browser, navigates to a login page, fills in the username and password fields, and then clicks the login button. Each line of code corresponds to a specific action that would be carried out in the browser, demonstrating how Selenium interacts with web elements.
Examples & Analogies
Imagine you're teaching someone how to log into a website. You would tell them to open a browser, type the website address, find the username field, type in their name, then find the password field, type their password, and finally hit the login button. This script automates that entire process, like giving your friend a shortcut to fill out a form instead of doing it step-by-step.
Exercises for Practice
Chapter 3 of 3
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Chapter Content
Exercise:
1. Write a Selenium script to automate a search.
2. Add assertions to verify results.
Detailed Explanation
The exercise encourages students to create their own Selenium scripts. First, they should write a script that automates a search functionality, which involves inputting a query into a search box and possibly clicking a search button. Additionally, they are instructed to add assertions to verify that the results returned match what was expected. Assertions are checks that validate if a condition holds true, helping to ensure the functionality is working as intended.
Examples & Analogies
Think of the exercise like preparing for a quiz. When studying, you may test yourself on whether you can remember facts. This is similar to an assertion in programming β you check if your answer is correct. In the Selenium script, after performing a search, you would 'test' if the results reflect your expectations, ensuring that everything is functioning correctly.
Key Concepts
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WebDriver Basics: The primary tool for controlling web browsers in test scripts.
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Locating Elements: Using methods such as
find_element_by_idto interact with web elements. -
Assertions: Verifying that the results of automated tests match expected outcomes.
Examples & Applications
Using driver.get('https://example.com/login') to navigate to a login page.
Using driver.find_element_by_id('username').send_keys('user') to input a username.
Memory Aids
Interactive tools to help you remember key concepts
Rhymes
Selenium scripts need to be tight; logins and clicks should roll just right.
Stories
Imagine a digital wizard named Selenium, who helps automate tedious tasks for humans by mimicking their clicks and keystrokes.
Memory Tools
S-L-A: Selenium, Login, Assert β Remember these steps for a simple test!
Acronyms
W-E-B
WebDriver Executes Browsers.
Flash Cards
Glossary
- Selenium
An automation tool used for automating web applications.
- WebDriver
A component of Selenium that controls web browsers.
- Assertion
A statement that verifies whether a certain condition is true during test execution.
Reference links
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