27.3.2. Equivalent single axle load

Try these first

1. 1.

   What does ESAL stand for?

   Hint

   Consider the meaning of the abbreviation.

2. 2.

   What is the standard axle load defined in this section?

   Hint

   Reflect on the standard used in pavement design.

3. 3.

   What is the standard axle load used for pavement design?

   • 40 kN
   • 80 kN
   • 100 kN

   Hint

   Think about the reference standard used.

4. 4.

   True or False: Fatigue cracking occurs due to a single application of load.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Consider how pavement responds over time.

5. 5.

   Calculate the total ESAL for a truck with three axle configurations, where axle 1 has 60 kN with 5000 passes, axle 2 has 100 kN with 2000 passes, and axle 3 has 140 kN with 1000 passes. The standard is 80 kN.

   Hint

   Use the EALF formula for each axle and then sum up the results.

6. 6.

   Discuss and calculate how introducing a new truck with an axle load of 200 kN would change the EALF previously established for standard load assessments.

   Hint

   Evaluate the comparative assessments and model based on the new EALF.