8. Comparative Development Experiences of India and its Neighbours
Comparative trends in economic and human development indicators of India, China, and Pakistan reveal the varied developmental strategies adopted by these countries. While all three nations began their respective developmental paths around the same time, their subsequent growth trajectories have diverged significantly, especially after the introduction of economic reforms. The chapter highlights how these strategies have led to differences in economic performance, demographic indicators, and human development outcomes across the three countries.
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What we have learnt
- India, China, and Pakistan have adopted different developmental strategies despite starting around the same time.
- China's reforms in 1978 significantly boosted its economic growth compared to India and Pakistan.
- Demographic indicators illustrate the varying success of each country in managing population growth and improving human development.
Key Concepts
- -- Great Leap Forward
- A campaign initiated in China in 1958 aimed at rapidly industrializing the country through collective farming and backyard production.
- -- Human Development Index
- A composite measure used to rank countries based on human development, which includes income, education, and life expectancy.
- -- Economic Reforms
- Changes implemented to enhance economic performance, often including deregulation and encouragement of private sector participation in the economy.
- -- OneChild Norm
- A population control policy implemented in China aimed at curbing population growth by limiting families to one child.
- -- Mixed Economy
- An economic system that incorporates elements of both public and private enterprise, utilized by India and Pakistan.
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