6. EMPLOYMENT: GROWTH, INFORMALISATION AND OTHER ISSUES
The chapter focuses on the concept of employment, exploring the various types of workers and their contributions to the economy, particularly in India. It discusses the dynamics of employment in urban and rural settings, the impact of gender on workforce participation, and the challenges posed by unemployment and informal labor. Additionally, it highlights the government's role in generating employment opportunities through various initiatives.
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What we have learnt
- Employment contributes significantly to national income and indicates the level of economic activity in a country.
- The workforce in India is predominantly male, with rural areas having a higher concentration of workers involved in agriculture.
- Informal employment is on the rise, often lacking social security measures and proper wages, highlighting the need for better regulations and support.
Key Concepts
- -- Economic Activity
- Activities that contribute to the gross national product and include all those who are engaged in economic work.
- -- WorkerPopulation Ratio
- The ratio of the workforce to the total population, used to analyze the engagement of people in economic activities.
- -- Disguised Unemployment
- A situation where more people are employed than necessary, particularly common in agriculture, leading to inefficiencies.
- -- Informal Sector
- Economic activities that are not monitored or regulated by the government, often featuring low wages and no social security.
- -- SelfEmployed Workers
- Workers who own their businesses and generate income independently, constituting a significant part of India's workforce.
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