DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER AND BASIC OP-AMP GAIN STAGES - Analog Circuit Lab
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DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER AND BASIC OP-AMP GAIN STAGES

DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER AND BASIC OP-AMP GAIN STAGES

52 sections

Sections

Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.

  1. 1

    The aim of this experiment is to analyze the performance characteristics of...

  2. 2

    The objectives of the experiment focus on understanding and analyzing the...

  3. 3
    Apparatus Required

    This section lists all the necessary equipment and components needed for...

  4. 4
    Theory And Fundamentals

    This section covers the essential principles and operations of differential...

  5. 4.1
    The Bjt Differential Amplifier

    This section covers the essential principles and characteristics of BJT...

  6. 4.1.1
    Basic Operation And Circuit Structure

    This section covers the fundamental operation and circuit structure of a BJT...

  7. 4.1.2
    Input Signal Modes

    This section explains the response of a differential amplifier to...

  8. 4.1.3
    Differential Gain (A_d)

    Differential Gain (A_d) is a key performance characteristic of a BJT...

  9. 4.1.4
    Common-Mode Gain (A_cm)

    Common-mode gain (A_cm) measures the output from a differential amplifier in...

  10. 4.1.5
    Common Mode Rejection Ratio (Cmrr)

    CMRR measures a differential amplifier's effectiveness in rejecting...

  11. 4.1.6
    Input Common Mode Range (Icmr)

    The Input Common Mode Range (ICMR) specifies the range of common-mode input...

  12. 4.2
    Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps)

    This section explores the fundamental concepts and configurations of...

  13. 4.2.1
    Internal Op-Amp Stages (Conceptual)

    This section explores the internal structure of operational amplifiers,...

  14. 4.2.2
    Basic Op-Amp Gain Stages (With Negative Feedback)

    This section discusses the fundamental gain stages of operational amplifiers...

  15. 4.2.2.1
    Inverting Amplifier

    The inverting amplifier is a fundamental operational amplifier configuration...

  16. 4.2.2.2
    Non-Inverting Amplifier

    The Non-Inverting Amplifier configuration allows for amplification of an...

  17. 4.2.3
    Bandwidth Of Op-Amp Gain Stages

    This section discusses the bandwidth limitations of operational amplifiers...

  18. 5
    Circuit Diagrams

    This section focuses on circuit diagrams for BJT differential amplifiers and...

  19. 6

    This section outlines the procedural steps for analyzing the performance of...

  20. 6.1
    Part A: Bjt Differential Amplifier Characterization

    This section provides an in-depth exploration of the BJT differential...

  21. 6.1.1
    Differential Amplifier Design (Dc Biasing)

    This section explores the design and operational principles of a BJT...

  22. 6.1.2
    Circuit Construction

    This section explores the construction and analysis of BJT differential...

  23. 6.1.3
    Dc Q-Point Measurement

    This section focuses on the measurement of Q-point in a BJT differential...

  24. 6.1.4
    Differential Gain (A_d) Measurement

    This section discusses the concept of differential gain measurement in the...

  25. 6.1.5
    Common-Mode Gain (A_cm) Measurement

    This section focuses on the measurement of common-mode gain (A_cm) in a BJT...

  26. 6.1.6
    Cmrr Calculation

    This section focuses on the calculation of the Common Mode Rejection Ratio...

  27. 6.2
    Part B: Input Common Mode Range (Icmr) Determination

    This section explains how to determine the Input Common Mode Range (ICMR)...

  28. 6.2.1

    The experiment involves analyzing the performance of a BJT differential...

  29. 6.2.2

    This section provides detailed procedural steps for analyzing the...

  30. 6.3
    Part C: Op-Amp Basic Gain Stages Characterization

    This section explores the fundamental gain stages of Operational Amplifiers...

  31. 6.3.1
    Op-Amp Power Supply

    This section covers the essential components and configurations of power...

  32. 6.3.2
    Inverting Amplifier

    The inverting amplifier is a popular Op-Amp configuration that inverts an...

  33. 6.3.3
    Non-Inverting Amplifier

    The non-inverting amplifier is a key operational amplifier configuration...

  34. 6.4
    Part D: Internal Op-Amp Stages (Conceptual/discussion)

    This section explores the internal stages of operational amplifiers...

  35. 6.4.1

    This section discusses the analysis and characterization of a BJT...

  36. 6.4.2
    Identification

    This section focuses on the BJT differential amplifier and operational...

  37. 7
    Observations And Readings

    This section discusses the experimental observations and readings for the...

  38. 7.1
    Bjt Differential Amplifier Dc Biasing And Design Parameters

    This section explores the fundamental operations, design parameters, and...

  39. 7.2
    Bjt Differential Amplifier Ac Performance

    This section focuses on analyzing the AC performance of a BJT differential...

  40. 7.3
    Input Common Mode Range (Icmr) Of Differential Amplifier

    This section explains the Input Common Mode Range (ICMR) of a differential...

  41. 7.4
    Op-Amp Basic Gain Stages Data

    This section explores the principles and measurements related to BJT...

  42. 8

    This section discusses the experimental setup and performance...

  43. 9
    Calculations

    This section discusses the calculations involved in analyzing the...

  44. 9.1
    Bjt Differential Amplifier Calculations

    This section focuses on the essential calculations related to the...

  45. 9.2
    Op-Amp Basic Gain Stages Calculations

    This section discusses the principles and calculations involved in...

  46. 10

    This section presents the experimental results obtained from the study of...

  47. 11
    Discussion And Analysis

    This section provides a comprehensive discussion and analysis of the...

  48. 11.1
    Bjt Differential Amplifier Performance

    This section covers the analysis of the performance characteristics of a BJT...

  49. 11.2
    Op-Amp Basic Gain Stages

    This section explores the fundamental characteristics and functioning of...

  50. 11.3
    Internal Op-Amp Stages (Conceptual)

    This section explores the internal architecture of operational amplifiers...

  51. 11.4
    Sources Of Error And Limitations

    This section discusses the various sources of error and limitations that can...

  52. 12

    This conclusion summarizes the key insights gained from exploring...

What we have learnt

  • Differential amplifiers amplify the difference between two signals while rejecting common-mode signals.
  • Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) is crucial for understanding how well an amplifier can reject noise.
  • Op-Amps consist of multiple stages that determine their gain and performance.

Key Concepts

-- Differential Amplifier
An amplifier that amplifies the difference between two input signals and rejects any signals common to both.
-- Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)
The ratio of the differential gain to the common-mode gain of an amplifier, indicating its ability to reject common-mode signals.
-- Operational Amplifier (OpAmp)
A high-gain voltage amplifier with differential inputs and a single output, used in a variety of analog circuits.
-- GainBandwidth Product
A constant value that represents the product of an amplifier's gain and bandwidth.
-- Transconductance
The ability of a device (like a transistor) to convert voltage into current, crucial for understanding amplifier behavior.

Additional Learning Materials

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