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59.3.3. Output Resistance of the CC Stage

Interactive Audio Lesson

Session 1: Introduction to the CC Stage

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Sarah
SarahInstructor

Welcome, everyone! Today, we will be discussing the common collector stage or emitter follower. Can anyone explain what the primary function of a CC stage is?

Noah
Noah

Is it to provide some sort of impedance matching?

Sarah
SarahInstructor

That's correct! The CC stage allows for high input impedance and low output impedance, making it suitable for connecting different circuit stages.

Isabella
Isabella

So, how does that affect the output resistance?

Sarah
SarahInstructor

Great question! The output resistance in a CC stage is primarily determined by the load connected to it. Now, let's remember the mnemonic 'CC is Cool for Coupling' to emphasize its role in interfacing stages.

Akash
Akash

So, does that mean the CC stage can also enhance bandwidth?

Sarah
SarahInstructor

Exactly! By using a CC stage in conjunction with other amplifiers, such as the common emitter stage, we can extend bandwidth while maintaining the same gain.

Session 2: Calculating Output Resistance

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Robert
RobertInstructor

Now, let's look at how we can calculate the output resistance in a CC stage. Can anyone recall what factors come into play here?

Noah
Noah

I think it depends on the output resistor and the transistor parameters.

Robert
RobertInstructor

Exactly! The output resistance, primarily influenced by the load 'R', dictates how efficiently the stage drives connected loads. Let's go through an example where we calculate this using given values.

Ananya
Ananya

Could you remind us what values we need for the calculations?

Robert
RobertInstructor

You will need the load capacitance and resistor values! Let's recall the formula: R_out = R + r_e, where r_e is the intrinsic emitter resistance.

Isabella
Isabella

So, what's the output resistance if we have R = 3kΩ and r_e = 375Ω, as mentioned earlier?

Robert
RobertInstructor

Adding those gives us an output resistance of about 3.375kΩ. Good job!

Session 3: Voltage Gain and Bandwidth

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Sarah
SarahInstructor

Next, let’s dive into the voltage gain of the CC stage. Can someone explain how output resistance affects voltage gain?

Akash
Akash

Higher output resistance typically leads to a lower voltage gain, right?

Sarah
SarahInstructor

Correct! In our previous example, with a gain of approximately 1, we see that the overall gain remains about 6 with the cascading stages.

Noah
Noah

And how does this relate to bandwidth?

Sarah
SarahInstructor

Bandwidth is indeed extended using the CC stage. As you increase gain with low output resistance, the upper cut-off frequency also increases. Remember the formula: f_U = 1 / (2πRC).

Isabella
Isabella

So, using capacitors in this formula, we can also extend the bandwidth based on our design values?

Sarah
SarahInstructor

Absolutely! With good design, you may see improvements up to several MHz, harnessing the effectiveness of the CC stage.