Metabolism - Energy, Life, and Transformation - Biology (Biology for Engineers)
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Metabolism - Energy, Life, and Transformation

Metabolism - Energy, Life, and Transformation

The module explores the intricate mechanisms of metabolism, emphasizing energy transactions as governed by thermodynamics within living organisms. It differentiates between exothermic and endothermic reactions, alongside exergonic and endergonic processes, establishing ATP as the key energy currency facilitating both catabolic and anabolic pathways. Furthermore, it discusses the concept of energy charge, providing insight into how cells maintain energy homeostasis and regulate metabolic flux.

22 sections

Sections

Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.

  1. 8
    Metabolism - Energy, Life, And Transformation

    This section explores the intricate world of metabolism, emphasizing energy...

  2. 8.1
    Introduction To Metabolism And Bioenergetics

    This section introduces the concept of metabolism as the sum of all...

  3. 8.2
    Thermodynamics As Applied To Biological Systems

    This section covers the application of thermodynamics principles in...

  4. 8.2.1
    The First Law Of Thermodynamics: The Law Of Conservation Of Energy

    The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or...

  5. 8.2.2
    The Second Law Of Thermodynamics: The Principle Of Entropy Increase

    The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an...

  6. 8.2.3
    Free Energy (Gibbs Free Energy, G): The Available Energy For Work

    Gibbs Free Energy (G) quantifies the energy available for work in biological...

  7. 8.3
    Exothermic/endothermic Versus Exergonic/endergonic Reactions

    This section explains the differences between exothermic/endothermic and...

  8. 8.3.1
    Exothermic Vs. Endothermic Reactions (Based On Enthalpy Change, Δh)

    This section explains the differences between exothermic and endothermic...

  9. 8.3.2
    Exergonic Vs. Endergonic Reactions (Based On Gibbs Free Energy Change, Δg)

    This section compares exergonic and endergonic reactions based on the...

  10. 8.4
    Concept Of Equilibrium Constant (Keq) And Its Relation To Standard Free Energy (Δgo′)

    The section discusses the concept of the equilibrium constant (Keq) and its...

  11. 8.5
    Spontaneity Of Reactions In Biological Systems

    The spontaneity of biochemical reactions in cells is determined by the Gibbs...

  12. 8.6
    Atp As An Energy Currency

    ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell, facilitating energy transfer...

  13. 8.6.1
    Structure Of Atp

    ATP is a crucial energy currency in cells, composed of adenine, ribose, and...

  14. 8.6.2
    Hydrolysis Of Atp And Energy Release

    The hydrolysis of ATP releases energy necessary for cellular functions,...

  15. 8.6.3
    Atp Turnover: Constant Regeneration And Consumption

    ATP is a crucial energy carrier in cells, rapidly consumed and regenerated...

  16. 8.7
    Energy-Yielding And Energy-Consuming Reactions: Key Metabolic Pathways

    This section explores the interconnectedness of energy-yielding and...

  17. 8.7.1
    Energy-Yielding Reactions: Catabolism (The Complete Breakdown Of Glucose To Co2 + H2o - Cellular Respiration)

    Cellular respiration is the process by which glucose is completely oxidized...

  18. 8.7.2
    Energy-Consuming Reactions: Anabolism (The Synthesis Of Glucose From Co2 + H2o - Photosynthesis)

    This section discusses the process of photosynthesis, an anabolic pathway...

  19. 8.8
    Concept Of Energy Charge

    The concept of Energy Charge reflects a cell's energy status by quantifying...

  20. 8.8.1
    Definition And Formula

    The Energy Charge is a dimensionless ratio that quantifies the energy status...

  21. 8.8.2
    Range Of Energy Charge

    The Energy Charge is a key metric reflecting the balance of ATP, ADP, and...

  22. 8.8.3
    Biological Significance And Regulatory Role

    The Energy Charge is a critical regulatory parameter in cells that ensures...

What we have learnt

  • Metabolism consists of all biochemical reactions within a cell, involving energy acquisition, synthesis of molecules, waste elimination, and execution of specialized functions.
  • The two primary types of metabolic pathways include catabolic (energy-yielding) and anabolic (energy-consuming) pathways, which are interlinked.
  • ATP serves as the main energy currency in cells, whose hydrolysis plays a crucial role in driving various cellular processes.

Key Concepts

-- Metabolism
The totality of biochemical reactions occurring within a cell, necessary for growth, reproduction, and response to the environment.
-- ATP Hydrolysis
The process of breaking down ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate, releasing energy vital for cellular work.
-- Gibbs Free Energy
A thermodynamic quantity that indicates the maximum reversible work obtainable from a thermodynamic system at constant temperature and pressure.
-- Energy Charge
A measure of the energy status within a cell, calculated based on the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and AMP, guiding metabolic regulation.

Additional Learning Materials

Supplementary resources to enhance your learning experience.