7.3.2. Why are Youth Vulnerable?

The National Youth Policy, 2014 defined 'youth' as persons in the age group of 15–29 years. Those between 13 and 19 years are called adolescents. Our national progress depends, crucially, on the ways and means through which youth are encouraged and nurtured as a positive force for national growth and are enabled to contribute to socio-economic development.

Youth refer to individuals aged 15–29 years. This group, particularly adolescents (ages 13–19), represents a period of transition marked by various biological, emotional, and social changes. Understanding youth as a vulnerable group focuses on their potential to contribute positively to society and the economy when provided with support and opportunities.

Think of youth as uncut diamonds—full of potential, but needing the right conditions and nurturing to become valuable gems. Just like diamonds require skilled hands to be shaped, youth need guidance, education, and opportunities to realize their potential.

Youth is a vulnerable period due to many reasons. During this period an individual is trying to come to terms with many biological changes in her/his body which have an impact on the person’s sense of well-being and identity. This is also the period when the individual is preparing to take on adult roles, two of the foremost being earning a livelihood and marriage, followed by raising a family.

The youth phase is characterized by significant biological changes that can affect self-identity and emotional health. Youth often face pressures to succeed in adult roles, such as obtaining a job or starting a family, which can create stress and anxiety. This period is pivotal for self-discovery but can be fraught with challenges.

Consider a young person moving from high school to college. They not only face academic demands but also navigate new social environments, which can be overwhelming. It's like a caterpillar emerging from its cocoon; beautiful transformations are happening, but there are risks and fears about what comes next.

Peer pressure and pressure to excel in an increasingly competitive world are other factors that can cause a lot of stress and turmoil. When the family/environment is unable to provide positive support to the adolescent, some adolescents may consume alcohol and drugs (also termed substance abuse). Such maladjustive behaviour for combating stress is on the rise.

Adolescents often feel pressured to conform to their peers, which can lead to unhealthy behaviors, such as substance abuse, especially if they lack supportive family environments. The competitive nature of society compounds this pressure, leading youth to engage in potentially harmful coping mechanisms.

Imagine a high school student invited to a party where everyone is drinking. If their friends are drinking together and they feel they need to fit in, they might give in, even if they know it’s not right. This situation illustrates how peer pressure can lead individuals to make choices they might not otherwise consider.

Health is another aspect which is of critical concern. Youth face significant risks related to sexual and reproductive health, and many lack the knowledge and power to make informed sexual and reproductive health choices.

Youth often encounter critical health issues, particularly concerning sexual and reproductive health. Many lack proper education or resources to make safe and informed choices, which can lead to long-term consequences. Comprehensive sex education and open conversations about health are vital during this phase.

Think of a young person trying to learn how to drive a car. Without a driving instructor or guidance, they might make mistakes or miss learning essential safety protocols. Similarly, without proper education on sexual health, youth may make risky decisions about their relationships.

Within the broad category 'youth', there are some groups who are especially vulnerable. They are: Rural and Tribal Youth; Out-of-school Youth; Adolescents, particularly female adolescents; Youth with disabilities; Youth under specially difficult circumstances like victims of trafficking, orphans and street children.

Certain subsets of youth face heightened vulnerability due to their socio-economic, cultural, or geographical contexts. For instance, rural and tribal youth may lack access to educational resources or job opportunities. Recognizing these specific challenges helps in tailoring interventions and support.

Picture two people trying to catch a train. One has a clear path with plenty of space, while the other is trying to maneuver through a crowded market. The second person represents youth from marginalized backgrounds, which illustrates how systemic barriers can impede their progress and opportunities.

In order to be socially useful and economically productive, youth need appropriate education and training, gainful employment and adequate opportunities for personal development and advancement. They also need requisite shelter and a clean environment, as also basic health services of quality, social defense and protection from all manner of exploitation.

To thrive, youth require access to quality education and training that aligns with job market demands. Adequate employment opportunities are crucial for economic independence. Additionally, safe living conditions and health services are essential to support their physical and mental health.

Just like a plant needs sunlight, water, and nutrients to grow strong, youth need a combination of education, opportunities, and health services to flourish in society and contribute positively.

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