5.2.5. Humanistic-existential Therapy

The humanistic-existential therapies postulate that psychological distress arises from feelings of loneliness, alienation, and an inability to find meaning and genuine fulfilment in life.

Humanistic-existential therapy focuses on the belief that many psychological problems stem from feelings of being disconnected from others and a lack of personal meaning in life. This type of therapy emphasizes the importance of personal growth and self-actualization, suggesting that when individuals feel pressured by societal expectations or family demands, they can lose sight of their own needs and desires, leading to psychological distress.

Imagine a flower trying to bloom in the shade. If it's constantly overshadowed by larger plants or blocked from sunlight, it struggles to grow and may wilt. Similarly, when people feel isolated or unable to express their true selves, their personal growth is stunted, leading to feelings of depression or anxiety.

Human beings are motivated by the desire for personal growth and self-actualisation, and an innate need to grow emotionally. When these needs are curbed by society and family, human beings experience psychological distress.

Self-actualization refers to the realization of one's own potential, and it's a core concept in humanistic therapy. Therapists believe that individuals have an inherent drive to develop and achieve their fullest capabilities. However, when societal or familial pressures restrict these needs, individuals may experience anxiety, depression, or a sense of purposelessness. The therapy seeks to help clients reconnect with their intrinsic motivations and pursue their aspirations.

Think of a bird that is meant to soar high but is kept in a small cage. Despite its wings, it cannot fly freely. This situation mirrors how people feel when restricted by societal or familial expectations – their potential remains untapped, leading to feelings of frustration and distress.

Victor Frankl, a psychiatrist and neurologist, propounded Logotherapy. Logos is the Greek word for soul and Logotherapy means treatment for the soul. Frankl calls this process of finding meaning even in life-threatening circumstances as the process of meaning making.

Logotherapy is based on the premise that finding meaning in life is essential for psychological health. Frankl emphasized that even in the direst situations, such as his experiences in concentration camps, individuals could find purpose through personal suffering. This therapy encourages patients to discover meaning in their lives, which, in turn, empowers them to endure hardships.

Consider a person who turns a major life setback into a motivating force. For instance, someone who loses a loved one might channel their grief into helping others through charity work. By doing this, they give their pain purpose, reflecting Frankl's belief in the power of meaning-making even in suffering.

Client-centred therapy was given by Carl Rogers. Rogers combined scientific rigour with the individualised practice of client-centred psychotherapy.

Carl Rogers developed client-centered therapy, which emphasizes the therapist's role in providing a supportive environment where clients feel valued and understood. By doing so, the therapist facilitates the client’s journey toward self-discovery and personal growth. The focus is on the client’s perspective, with an emphasis on empathy, authenticity, and unconditional positive regard.

Imagine having a conversation with a close friend who listens to you without judgment and truly tries to understand your feelings. This supportive interaction is akin to client-centered therapy, where the client feels free to share their thoughts and emotions, leading to greater self-awareness and healing.

The goal of gestalt therapy is to increase an individual’s self-awareness and self-acceptance.

Gestalt therapy, developed by Fritz Perls, emphasizes understanding one’s feelings and behaviors by focusing on the present moment. It seeks to enhance self-awareness by encouraging clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and actions in a safe environment. Therapists help clients integrate various parts of their selves, leading to greater clarity and acceptance.

Think of a puzzle where certain pieces are missing. As you find and connect more pieces, the picture becomes clearer. Gestalt therapy functions similarly by helping clients become more aware of their feelings and how different aspects of their lives come together to form a complete picture of who they are.

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