5.9. GLOSSARY

In the context of this chapter this refers to people who are forced or compelled to move from their homes for big development projects including dams, mining etc.

The term 'displaced' generally refers to individuals or communities that are uprooted from their original homes and lands. This often happens when large-scale development projects are initiated, such as the construction of dams or mining operations. These development initiatives can bring about significant changes to the environment and the social fabric of an area, often leaving communities without their homes and livelihoods. The displacement can be temporary or permanent and is a crucial aspect of the challenges faced by marginalized communities.

Imagine a small village that relies on a river for fishing and farming. If the government decides to build a large dam to generate electricity, the village may need to evacuate. Although it may be for a 'greater good,' the villagers lose their homes, their means of income, and often their sense of community, illustrating the harsh realities of being displaced.

A graded system or arrangement of persons or things. Usually persons at the bottom of the hierarchy are those who have the least power. The caste system is a hierarchical system and Dalits are considered to be at the lowest end.

Hierarchy refers to a structured system where individuals or groups are ranked one above the other according to their status or authority. In many societies, including India, this can be observed through social structures such as the caste system. The caste system classifies people based on their social status, and those who fall at the bottom, such as the Dalits, often face discrimination and have fewer opportunities compared to higher castes. Understanding hierarchy is vital for recognizing the inequalities and power dynamics present in society.

Think of a company where employees have different titles - CEO, manager, and intern. The CEO has the most power and influence, while the intern has to follow orders. This structure shows a hierarchy, and just as in the caste system, those at the top typically hold more privileges than those at the bottom.

A ghetto is an area or locality that is populated largely by members of a particular community. Ghettoisation refers to the process that leads to such a situation. This may occur due to various social, cultural and economic reasons. Fear or hostility may also compel a community to group together as they feel more secure living amongst their own. Often a ‘ghettoised’ community has few options of moving out, which may lead to them becoming alienated from the rest of the society.

Ghettoisation is the process through which specific communities are segregated and confined to particular areas, often due to social, economic, or political factors. This can happen when members of a group, feeling unsafe or unwelcome in broader society, choose to live together. While it can provide security, it often leads to isolation and limits opportunities for residents, contributing to cycles of poverty and social exclusion.

Consider a scenario where a group of immigrants move to a new city. They may settle in one neighborhood for comfort and to be among people who share their language and customs. However, over time, this area may become isolated from the rest of the city, lacking resources like schools and jobs, making it harder for residents to integrate into broader society.

Literally this refers to the main current of a river or stream. In this chapter it is used to refer to a cultural context in which the customs and practices that are followed are those of the dominant community. In connection with this, mainstream is also used to refer to those people or communities that are considered to be at the centre of a society, i.e. often the powerful or dominant group.

The term 'mainstream' typically refers to the widely accepted beliefs, values, and behaviors of the dominant group within a society. This group tends to control the narrative, culture, and policies that shape societal norms. Understanding what is considered mainstream is important because it can highlight the experiences of marginalized groups that may be overlooked or suppressed in broader cultural discussions.

Think about popular music in your country. The genres that receive the most radio play and media attention are often seen as 'mainstream.' If a new musical style emerges that is popular in a specific community but is ignored by mainstream channels, it risks being marginalized, much like cultural practices of minority groups may be overlooked in society.

An area where the presence of the armed forces is considerable.

When an area is described as militarised, it means that there is a significant presence of military forces, which can influence everyday life and local governance. This can lead to heightened security measures, restrictions on movement, and a pervasive state of control that impacts the community's autonomy. Militarisation often denotes a situation of conflict or tension within the society.

Imagine living in a neighborhood where military personnel are stationed throughout the streets. Regular checkpoints and patrols may make residents feel like they're always being watched. This heavy military presence can create an environment of fear and compliance among the people living there.

A person who does not get adequate nutrition or food.

Malnutrition refers to a condition that arises from a diet lacking sufficient nutrients or calories. This can affect both physical and mental health, leading to serious long-term consequences. Malnourished individuals often struggle with stunted growth, weakened immune systems, and higher susceptibility to diseases. Understanding malnutrition is crucial to addressing health disparities in marginalized communities.

Think about a child who only eats rice every day without any vegetables, fruits, or proteins. Over time, this child might become sick or unable to grow properly due to a lack of essential nutrients. Just like a plant needs various types of fertilizer to thrive, our bodies require a balanced diet to stay healthy.

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