8. The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947
The chapter discusses the evolution of nationalism in India from the 1870s to 1947, highlighting the emergence of political associations, the role of the Indian National Congress, and the radical shift in strategies as various groups mobilized against British rule. It emphasizes major events such as the partition of Bengal, the rise of the Swadeshi movement, the impact of World War I, and the significant contributions of leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Subhas Chandra Bose, culminating in the Indian independence movement and the subsequent partition of the country.
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What we have learnt
- Nationalism in India evolved through various political associations formed after 1850.
- The Indian National Congress aimed to represent all Indians and sought more representation in governance.
- The struggles against British policies intensified during the 1870s and led to significant movements such as the Swadeshi movement, Rowlatt Satyagraha, and Non-Cooperation Movement.
Key Concepts
- -- Nationalism
- A movement advocating for national independence and the representation of people's rights within a nation.
- -- NonCooperation Movement
- A mass protest against British rule led by Gandhi in response to the Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh massacre, encouraging Indians to withdraw from British institutions.
- -- Swadeshi Movement
- A movement aimed at promoting Indian goods and rejecting British products, particularly in response to the partition of Bengal.
- -- Radicals and Moderates
- Two factions within the Indian National Congress with differing approaches towards achieving independence; Radicals advocated for immediate actions while Moderates sought gradual reforms through dialogue.
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