7.2.3. Who could enter temples?

They were seen as inferior human beings.

In the caste system of India, there are many different groups that are often ranked in a hierarchy. The higher castes, like Brahmans and Kshatriyas, viewed themselves as superior compared to others. Those at the bottom, often called ‘untouchables’ (or Dalits), were considered inferior and were subjected to discrimination and exclusion from many social and religious practices, including entering temples.

Imagine a school where students are separated into different groups based on arbitrary rules—some are allowed to sit in the classroom, while others are forced to sit outside on the floor. This scenario illustrates the unfair treatment of those considered ‘untouchables’ in society.

They were not allowed to enter temples, draw water from the wells used by the upper castes, or bathe in ponds where upper castes bathed.

Untouchables faced severe restrictions in their daily lives. Not only were they barred from entering temples, which were considered holy places, but they also could not use public water sources that were reserved for upper castes. This exclusion highlights the rigid boundaries set by societal norms, based solely on caste, causing significant hardships and discrimination against lower castes.

This situation can be likened to playground rules where certain children can play in the main area while others must stay far away, making it difficult for them to join in any fun activities. The exclusion prevents them from feeling part of the community.

Over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, many of these norms and perceptions slowly changed.

As time progressed, particularly during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, societal views began to evolve. People started to question the entrenched caste norms and began movements to challenge these injustices. Reformers worked to promote equality and fought against the discrimination faced by untouchables, advocating for their rights to enter temples and participate fully in society.

This changing attitude is similar to a team deciding to allow all players, regardless of skill level, to join in for practice. This not only fosters inclusivity but also helps strengthen the team as a whole.

In 1927, Ambedkar started a temple entry movement, in which his Mahar caste followers participated.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, a prominent leader for the rights of untouchables, led the temple entry movement in 1927. His goal was to challenge the discriminatory practices that kept lower castes outside temples and to fight for their right to access these sacred places. The involvement of his caste followers symbolized a united front against caste oppression and aimed to make society aware of the injustices faced by untouchables.

Think about a group of students who decide to stand up together against an unfair school policy that limits participation in extracurricular activities. By banding together, they bring attention to the issue and fight for change, just as Ambedkar did in his struggle.

Brahman priests were outraged when the Dalits used water from the temple tank.

The participation of Dalits in temple rituals and their use of holy resources, such as water from the temple tank, outraged the Brahman priests who held power in these spaces. Their outrage reflected the deep-seated caste prejudices and resistance to change within the established social order. This reaction highlighted the ongoing struggle for rights and acceptance for the untouchable community.

Similar to how a student might face backlash for pushing back against unfair treatment in school, this situation illustrates how those challenging long-standing injustices may encounter strong opposition from those benefiting from the status quo.

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