Horticulture Crops in India
India's vast agricultural landscape supports a diverse range of farming practices, where horticulture plays a vital role. Approximately two-thirds of the Indian population is involved in agriculture, which produces not only food grains but also a variety of raw materials for industries. This section delves into various types of farming prevalent in the country, including:
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Primitive Subsistence Farming: Utilizes traditional methods and tools, relying on natural soil fertility and the monsoon. Known as 'Jhumming' in Northeast India, this method involves clearing land and shifting cultivation when soil fertility declines.
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Intensive Subsistence Farming: Found in high-density areas, this labor-intensive farming employs modern techniques and inputs.
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Commercial Farming: Capitalizes on modern agricultural practices and includes plantation crops grown on large scales.
The crops are classified based on seasonal growth patterns, with major cropping seasons being rabi, kharif, and zaid. Specifically, India is the second-largest producer of fruits and vegetables globally, contributing to the significant horticulture sector that encompasses mangoes, oranges, bananas, and various vegetables. Understanding these farming types and crop specifics is essential for grasping India's agricultural framework.