Density of Population
This section explores the concept of population density, defined as the number of people living in a unit area, typically expressed per square kilometer. Globally, the average density is approximately 51 persons per square kilometer, while India has a significantly higher average density of 382 persons per square kilometer.
It highlights that the distribution of population is not uniform—more than 90% of the world's population is concentrated on about 30% of the land area. Key factors affecting population density include geographical considerations such as topography (with plains being preferred for habitation), climate (extreme conditions deter settlement), and the availability of resources like water and fertile soil. Moreover, socio-economic factors such as housing, education, and employment opportunities play a crucial role in influencing where people choose to live. The section emphasizes the importance of understanding these dynamics for planning and resource management as population density directly impacts sustainability and development.