Detailed Summary
This section on Patterns of Population Change explores how populations are distributed across the globe and the dynamics responsible for changes in population size. It begins by explaining that human resources are unevenly distributed globally due to various factors, primarily geographical, social, and economic. Population distribution is heavily concentrated in certain regions, such as South and Southeast Asia, while areas such as deserts and high mountains are sparsely populated.
The density of population varies significantly, with the world average being 51 individuals per square kilometer; however, regions like South Central Asia exhibit much higher densities. Factors affecting population distribution include:
- Topography: Favorable flat plains attract settlements more than mountains.
- Climate: Extreme climates deter habitation.
- Soil and Water: Fertile land and availability of fresh water promote higher populations.
- Mineral Resources: Areas rich in minerals attract larger populations due to job availability.
Moreover, the section discusses population change, which is primarily influenced by birth and death rates, leading to what is often termed 'population explosion,' particularly evident in the last centuries. Birth rates and death rates are critical to understanding population trends, and the balance between these rates results in natural growth. Additional population changes occur due to migration, where people move for better opportunities.
Finally, the composition of the population is highlighted using population pyramids, which visually represent demographic structures across age and gender, providing insights into social needs such as education and healthcare.