In this section, we explore the fundamental features that define a democracy, building upon a simple definition where government rulers are elected by the populace. Key characteristics include the requirement that all major decisions are made by elected leaders, the existence of free and fair electoral competition that offers genuine choices to voters, the principle of one person, one vote, ensuring equality in the electoral process, and the necessity for a government to operate within constitutional limits that safeguard citizens' rights. The section uses various examples from countries like Pakistan and China to illustrate how certain governments may attempt to present themselves as democratic while lacking these essential features. Understanding these elements is vital for distinguishing true democracies from other forms of governance pretending to be democratic.