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2.3 - Economic Activities by Men and Women

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Economic Sectors

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Teacher
Teacher

Today, we will discuss how economic activities are classified into three sectors—primary, secondary, and tertiary. Can anyone tell me what activities fall under these sectors?

Student 1
Student 1

The primary sector includes agriculture and fishing.

Student 2
Student 2

Manufacturing is part of the secondary sector.

Teacher
Teacher

Correct! And the tertiary sector involves services. Remember the acronym **PST**—Primary, Secondary, Tertiary. This helps us remember these sectors easily.

Student 3
Student 3

What about the activities in these sectors?

Teacher
Teacher

Great question! Activities in these sectors contribute to our economy and national income.

Market and Non-Market Activities

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Teacher
Teacher

Economic activities are divided into market and non-market activities. Can anyone explain the difference?

Student 4
Student 4

Market activities are for pay, while non-market activities are for personal consumption.

Teacher
Teacher

Exactly! Remember: **MP** for Market is for Pay, while **NMP** for Non-Market refers to Non-Pay activities.

Student 1
Student 1

Could you give examples of both?

Teacher
Teacher

Of course! An example of a market activity is a teacher getting paid for education, while a non-market activity could be growing vegetables for your family.

Impact of Education on Economic Activities

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Teacher
Teacher

Education plays a critical role in determining economic opportunities. Can someone tell me how education relates to economic activities?

Student 2
Student 2

Higher education usually leads to higher-paying jobs.

Teacher
Teacher

That's correct! The more educated a person is, the better they can leverage economic opportunities. This is true for men and women, but women often face more challenges.

Student 3
Student 3

Why is that?

Teacher
Teacher

Women often have less access to education, leading to lower qualifications and pay. However, when women gain advanced education, they can compete equally with men in the workforce.

Gender Disparities in Employment

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Teacher
Teacher

Now, let’s talk about gender disparities in employment. What challenges do women face as compared to men?

Student 4
Student 4

Women often earn less and have less job security.

Teacher
Teacher

Exactly! Many women work informally without benefits and face job insecurity.

Student 1
Student 1

What can be done to improve this?

Teacher
Teacher

Improving education and skill training for women is essential, along with legal protections in the workplace.

Introduction & Overview

Read a summary of the section's main ideas. Choose from Basic, Medium, or Detailed.

Quick Overview

This section explores the different economic activities carried out by men and women and categorizes them into three sectors.

Standard

The section discusses the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors, highlighting the differences in remuneration and job security, especially for women. It emphasizes the importance of education and skill formation in improving opportunities and earnings.

Detailed

Economic Activities by Men and Women

This section elaborates on the various economic activities that individuals engage in, specifically distinguishing between those performed by men and women. The activities are classified into three main sectors: primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary sector involves activities like agriculture and fishing; the secondary sector encompasses manufacturing; while the tertiary sector includes services like education and healthcare. These activities contribute to national income and are referred to as economic activities, which are further divided into market and non-market activities. Market activities are those performed for pay or profit, while non-market activities are for self-consumption.

The text emphasizes that education and skills significantly influence individual earnings, noting that women, generally being less educated and skilled, often earn less than men. Additionally, many women work in precarious conditions without job security and lack basic social protections. However, women with higher education and skills can earn on par with men, often finding careers in teaching and medicine. This section ultimately invites discussions regarding career choices among students.

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Audio Book

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Classification of Economic Activities

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Like Vilas and Sakal, people have been engaged in various activities. W e saw that Vilas sold fish and Sakal got a job in the firm. The various activities have been classified into three main sectors i.e., primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary sector includes agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, mining and quarrying. Manufacturing is included in the secondary sector. Trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, services, insurance, etc. are included in the tertiary sector. The activities in this sector result in the production of goods and services. These activities add value to the national income. These activities are called economic activities.

Detailed Explanation

Economic activities are the actions that involve the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. They are categorized into three main sectors: the primary sector, which includes natural resource extraction and agriculture; the secondary sector, which includes manufacturing; and the tertiary sector, which includes services. Each sector contributes directly to the country’s gross national income.

Examples & Analogies

Think about a local community: In the primary sector, farmers grow crops; in the secondary sector, factories turn those crops into food products; and in the tertiary sector, restaurants serve those food products to people. This interconnection highlights how each economic sector plays a role in the overall economy.

Market vs Non-Market Activities

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Economic activities have two parts — market activities and non-market activities. Market activities involve remuneration to anyone who performs i.e., activity performed for pay or profit. These include production of goods or services, including government service. Non-market activities are the production for self-consumption. These can be consumption and processing of primary product and own account production of fixed assets.

Detailed Explanation

Market activities are those that generate income or profit, like a teacher getting paid for educating students. In contrast, non-market activities refer to work done for personal use, such as cooking dinner at home. These activities are essential for everyday life but do not contribute to the economy in terms of monetary transactions.

Examples & Analogies

Consider a stay-at-home parent who cooks meals for their family. This is a non-market activity because it isn't going to earn income or profits, but it is crucial for the family’s well-being. On the other hand, a restaurant chef, who cooks meals but gets paid for it, is engaged in a market activity.

Gender Differences in Economic Activities

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Education helps individuals to make better use of the economic opportunities available before him. Education and skill are the major determinants of the earning of any individual in the market. A majority of women have meagre education and low skill formation. W omen are paid low compared to men. Most women work where job security is not there. V arious activities relating to legal protection is meagre.

Detailed Explanation

Education plays a crucial role in enhancing a person's ability to earn from their work. However, women often have lower levels of education and skill training, impacting their employment opportunities and income level. This results in women typically earning less than men and working in precarious jobs with little security.

Examples & Analogies

Imagine a woman who has limited education working as a low-paid clerk. If she decided to go back to school to obtain a higher degree, she might be able to secure a more stable and better-paying job, which illustrates how education can influence economic success.

Economic Contributions of Women

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However, women with high education and skill formation are paid at par with the men. Among the organised sector, teaching and medicine attract them the most. Some women have entered administrative and other services including job, that need high levels of scientific and technological competence.

Detailed Explanation

When women acquire higher education and skills, they can earn salaries comparable to men. Fields like education and healthcare are among the most popular professions among educated women. These roles highlight the importance of advancing women's qualifications to ensure better economic outcomes.

Examples & Analogies

Consider a female teacher with a master's degree versus a male with the same qualifications. In a well-structured setup, both would stand to earn similar salaries, reflecting how educational attainment levels the playing field for women in professional sectors.

The Role of Household Work

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Due to historical and cultural reasons there is a division of labour between men and women in the family. Women generally look after domestic chores and men work in the fields. Sheela is not paid for the services delivered for the upbringing of the family. Buta earns money, which he spends on rearing his family.

Detailed Explanation

Many societies have a division of labor where women are typically responsible for domestic tasks, which are often unpaid. This contributions are vital to the family and community welfare but remain unrecognized in formal economic measures such as national income.

Examples & Analogies

Think of a mother who spends hours taking care of children and managing the household. While this work is crucial for the family's day-to-day functioning, it is often undervalued when discussing economic contributions, highlighting the importance of recognizing household labor in economic discussions.

Definitions & Key Concepts

Learn essential terms and foundational ideas that form the basis of the topic.

Key Concepts

  • Economic Activities: Activities that involve the production of goods and services.

  • Sectors: The division of the economy into primary, secondary, and tertiary.

  • Market Activities: Economic tasks performed in exchange for remuneration.

  • Non-Market Activities: Tasks carried out for self-consumption without direct payment.

  • Gender Disparities: Differences and inequalities faced by women in the workforce.

Examples & Real-Life Applications

See how the concepts apply in real-world scenarios to understand their practical implications.

Examples

  • Fishing and farming are examples of primary sector activities.

  • Manufacturing cars is a secondary sector activity.

  • Working as a nurse is an example of a tertiary sector activity.

Memory Aids

Use mnemonics, acronyms, or visual cues to help remember key information more easily.

🎵 Rhymes Time

  • Primary for food, Secondary for goods, Tertiary's where services brood.

📖 Fascinating Stories

  • Once there was a farmer (primary) growing crops, a carpenter (secondary) making chairs, and a teacher (tertiary) sharing knowledge in a classroom.

🧠 Other Memory Gems

  • Remember M-N-P: Market Activities for Money, Non-market for Personal gain only.

🎯 Super Acronyms

Use **PST** to remember Primary, Secondary, Tertiary sectors.

Flash Cards

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Glossary of Terms

Review the Definitions for terms.

  • Term: Primary Sector

    Definition:

    The economic sector involving the extraction and harvesting of natural resources.

  • Term: Secondary Sector

    Definition:

    The economic sector that focuses on manufacturing and processing.

  • Term: Tertiary Sector

    Definition:

    The economic sector that provides services rather than goods.

  • Term: Market Activities

    Definition:

    Economic activities that involve remuneration, such as paid jobs.

  • Term: NonMarket Activities

    Definition:

    Economic activities performed for self-consumption without direct remuneration.

  • Term: Economic Activities

    Definition:

    Activities engaged in by individuals that contribute to production, trade, or services.

  • Term: Job Security

    Definition:

    The probability that an individual will keep their job for a long time without risk of becoming unemployed.

  • Term: Skill Formation

    Definition:

    The process through which individuals acquire skills necessary for employment.