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The section discusses how the Non-Cooperation Movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi, extended to the countryside, involving peasants who faced exploitation from landlords and tribals who resisted colonial policies. It describes specific movements, key figures like Baba Ramchandra and Alluri Sitaram Raju, and the diverse interpretations of 'swaraj' among various groups.
The Non-Cooperation Movement, beginning in urban India, significantly influenced rural regions as well. In Awadh, peasants mobilized against oppressive landlords demanding exorbitant rents and forced labor without pay (begar). The movement, led by figures such as Baba Ramchandra and supported by Jawaharlal Nehru, sought the abolition of begar and a reduction in revenue. As it extended, the movement sometimes led to violent uprisings, which deviated from Gandhi's principle of non-violence. Tribal populations in places like the Gudem Hills also interpreted swaraj through a rebellious lens, rallying around leaders like Alluri Sitaram Raju, who advocated for armed resistance against colonial practices restraining their rights to land and resources. These varied movements illustrated the complexity of nationalism in India, showing how different communities connected their struggles against colonial rule to Gandhi's broader call for independence.
Peasant Movements: The organization of peasants against exploitative practices.
Tribal Resistance: The reaction of tribes to colonial rule and their struggle for land rights.
Begar means no pay, it's work that won't stay. Peasants fight with pride, in movements they abide.
Once in Awadh, the peasants rose up against the oppressive landlords—guided by Baba Ramchandra they sought to reclaim their rights to land and freedom.
P-C-T: Peasant - Community - Tribe.
The Awadh peasant movement led by Baba Ramchandra aimed for lower rents and an end to begar.
Alluri Sitarama Raju's armed resistance in the Gudem Hills represents a tribal interpretation of swaraj.
Term: Begar
Definition: Labor that villagers were forced to contribute without payment.
Labor that villagers were forced to contribute without payment.
Term: Swaraj
Definition: Self-rule or independence; the right to govern oneself.
Self-rule or independence; the right to govern oneself.
Term: Satyagraha
Definition: A method of non-violent resistance based on truth and moral force.
A method of non-violent resistance based on truth and moral force.