8. The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947

8. The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947

  • 8

    The Making Of The National Movement: 1870s–1947

    This section discusses the emergence of nationalism in India, primarily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and the key events and movements leading toward India's independence.

  • 8.1

    The Emergence Of Nationalism

    This section discusses the rise of nationalism in India during the late 19th century, highlighting the growing dissatisfaction with British rule and the establishment of political associations aiming for greater autonomy.

  • 8.1.1

    A Nation In The Making

    This section discusses the emergence of nationalism in India, the dissatisfaction with British rule, and the formation of the Indian National Congress.

  • 8.1.2

    “freedom Is Our Birthright”

    This section discusses the emergence of nationalism in India, the dissatisfaction with British rule, and the formation of the Indian National Congress.

  • 8.2

    The Growth Of Mass Nationalism

    This section discusses the rise of mass nationalism in India post-World War I, highlighting key movements and leaders that significantly shaped the independence struggle.

  • 8.2.1

    The Advent Of Mahatma Gandhi

    This section discusses the emergence of Mahatma Gandhi as a key leader in the Indian national movement and his strategies for mobilizing the masses against British rule.

  • 8.2.2

    The Rowlatt Satyagraha

    The Rowlatt Satyagraha marked a significant moment in the Indian struggle for independence, as it united various communities against British oppression and mobilized mass protests.

  • 8.2.3

    Khilafat Agitation And The Non-Cooperation Movement

    The Khilafat agitation and Non-Cooperation Movement were pivotal in uniting various Indian communities against British colonial rule, showcasing a blend of political and social activism.

  • 8.2.4

    People’s Initiatives

    The section discusses various non-violent protests and initiatives undertaken by different groups in India during the national movement against British rule, highlighting the diverse interpretations of Gandhi's call to action.

  • 8.2.5

    The People’s Mahatma

    Mahatma Gandhi emerged as a pivotal leader in the Indian independence movement, advocating non-violent resistance and rallying diverse sections of society towards a unified struggle against British rule.

  • 8.2.6

    The Happenings Of 1922 –1929

    The section discusses the significant events in India between 1922 and 1929, highlighting the evolution of the Indian independence movement, particularly the Non-Cooperation Movement and the rise of revolutionary nationalism.

  • 8.3

    The March To Dandi

    The March to Dandi was a significant act of civil disobedience led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930, where he and his followers protested against the British salt tax by marching to produce salt from the sea.

  • 8.3.1

    Bose And The Ina

    Subhas Chandra Bose, a radical nationalist, significantly contributed to the Indian independence movement by forming the Indian National Army (INA) to fight against British rule, differing from Gandhi's non-violent approach.

  • 8.4

    Quit India And Later

    This section explores the Quit India Movement's significance in India’s struggle for independence, marking a pivotal moment of mass mobilization against British rule.

  • 8.4.1

    Towards Independence And Partition

    This section discusses the rising nationalism in India, the formation of the Indian National Congress, the causes of dissatisfaction with British rule, and the eventual path towards independence and the subsequent partition of India.

    • Key Summary

    The chapter discusses the evolution of nationalism in India from the 1870s to 1947, highlighting the emergence of political associations, the role of the Indian National Congress, and the radical shift in strategies as various groups mobilized against British rule. It emphasizes major events such as the partition of Bengal, the rise of the Swadeshi movement, the impact of World War I, and the significant contributions of leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Subhas Chandra Bose, culminating in the Indian independence movement and the subsequent partition of the country.

    Key Takeaways

    • Nationalism in India evolved through various political associations formed after 1850.
    • The Indian National Congress aimed to represent all Indians and sought more representation in governance.
    • The struggles against British policies intensified during the 1870s and led to significant movements such as the Swadeshi movement, Rowlatt Satyagraha, and Non-Cooperation Movement.

    Key Concepts

    • Nationalism: A movement advocating for national independence and the representation of people's rights within a nation.
    • NonCooperation Movement: A mass protest against British rule led by Gandhi in response to the Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh massacre, encouraging Indians to withdraw from British institutions.
    • Swadeshi Movement: A movement aimed at promoting Indian goods and rejecting British products, particularly in response to the partition of Bengal.
    • Radicals and Moderates: Two factions within the Indian National Congress with differing approaches towards achieving independence; Radicals advocated for immediate actions while Moderates sought gradual reforms through dialogue.