The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947

8 The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947

Description

Quick Overview

This section discusses the emergence of nationalism in India, primarily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and the key events and movements leading toward India's independence.

Standard

The section details the growth of the national movement influenced by various socio-political changes, the formation of political associations, and the pivotal roles of key figures like Mahatma Gandhi and the events that shaped the struggle for independence from British rule.

Detailed

The emergence of nationalism in India, particularly from the 1870s to 1947, stemmed from multiple factors, including social, political, and economic dissatisfaction with British rule. Political associations formed during this time, such as the Indian National Congress, played crucial roles in articulating the demands of diverse communities. Key movements like the Swadeshi Movement and the Non-Cooperation Movement marked significant milestones in mobilizing public sentiment against colonial oppression. Figures like Mahatma Gandhi pioneered the philosophy of nonviolent resistance, while the participation of various social groups — including women, peasants, and laborers — augmented the struggle for independence. However, internal divisions and communal sentiments culminated during the late 1930s to 1940s, resulting in the demand for a separate Muslim state and the eventual partition of India, creating profound challenges and legacies for the newly independent nation.

Key Concepts

  • Emergence of Nationalism: The collective awakening of Indian society towards autonomy from British rule influenced by social, economic, and political factors.

  • Role of Gandhi: Mahatma Gandhi's introduction of non-violent resistance as a primary means of confronting colonial authority.

  • Swadeshi Movement: A nationalistic initiative encouraging the use of local products and discouraging British imports.

Memory Aids

🎵 Rhymes Time

  • Gandhi said to act with care, throw off all colonial snare!

📖 Fascinating Stories

  • Once, a wise leader named Gandhi taught the people that true strength lies in peace - he called it ahimsa, and together they forged a path to freedom, leading one another away from the chains of foreign rule.

🧠 Other Memory Gems

  • Remember DICE for Nationalism: Discontent, Identity formation, Colonial policies, Education!

🎯 Super Acronyms

INC - Indian National Congress

  • 'Inspire National Change'!

Examples

  • The Indian National Congress's early demands for representation reflect the growing desire for self-governance.

  • Mass protests against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre led to heightened political awareness and action among the Indian populace.

  • Woman's participation in independence activities, such as picketing British goods and leading movements.

Glossary of Terms

  • Term: Nationalism

    Definition:

    A political ideology focused on promoting the interests of a particular nation, often in opposition to foreign influence.

  • Term: Satyagraha

    Definition:

    A form of nonviolent resistance or civil disobedience initiated by Gandhiji as a means to confront oppression.

  • Term: Swadeshi Movement

    Definition:

    A movement encouraging the use of Indian-made products and the boycott of British goods to foster self-reliance.

  • Term: INC (Indian National Congress)

    Definition:

    A major political party in India that played a significant role in the Indian independence movement.

  • Term: Ahimsa

    Definition:

    The principle of non-violence towards all living beings, a key belief in Gandhi’s philosophy.