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During the period from 1922 to 1929, Mahatma Gandhi halted the Non-Cooperation Movement following violent incidents, prompting the Congress to focus on constructive work. The emergence of new political parties like the RSS and the Communist Party, alongside revolutionary activities, marked a critical shift in the struggle for independence culminating in demands for complete sovereignty by 1929.
In this section, we delve deep into the events and transformations that occurred in India between 1922 and 1929. Following the violent incident at Chauri Chaura, Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement, prompting a reevaluation within the Congress regarding their strategies. Leaders began advocating for more active participation in councils and electoral politics. Meanwhile, new movements and organizations such as the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and the Communist Party of India emerged. Revolutionary nationalists like Bhagat Singh pushed for immediate and radical change, culminating in actions like the assassination of Saunders and the bomb throw in the Central Legislative Assembly, aimed not at causing harm but to attract attention to the plight of Indians under colonial rule. This period ultimately concluded with the Congress's declaration of Purna Swaraj or complete independence in 1929, foreshadowing broader demands for freedom from British rule.
Non-Cooperation Movement: A non-violent protest strategy led by Gandhi to resist British rule.
Purna Swaraj: The declaration for complete independence from British rule made by the Congress.
RSS: A prominent Hindu nationalist organization that emerged during this period.
Revolutionary Nationalism: A radical approach involving direct action and often violence to achieve independence.
Gandhi said, 'No more strife, to Chauri Chaura we lost our life, let's build through peace, a movement rife.'
Imagine a peaceful crowd at Chauri Chaura, once united in their voices but turning to violence. Gandhi saw this as a betrayal of their struggle, leading him to stop the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Remember the acronym ‘CAMP’ to recall the four key aspects of the independence movement during this time: Communities united, Actions taken, Movements ended, Politics diversified.
The Non-Cooperation Movement promoted a mass boycott of British goods and institutions as a way to challenge colonial power.
The declaration of Purna Swaraj in 1929 shifted the Congress's strategy from seeking reforms to demanding total independence.
Term: NonCooperation Movement
Definition: A movement led by Mahatma Gandhi aiming to resist British rule through non-violent means.
A movement led by Mahatma Gandhi aiming to resist British rule through non-violent means.
Term: Purna Swaraj
Definition: The concept of complete independence from British rule, officially declared by the Indian National Congress in 1929.
The concept of complete independence from British rule, officially declared by the Indian National Congress in 1929.
Term: RSS (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh)
Definition: A Hindu nationalist organization that promotes Hindu culture and values.
A Hindu nationalist organization that promotes Hindu culture and values.
Term: Communist Party of India
Definition: A political party advocating for the working class and socialist principles, emerging during the independence movement.
A political party advocating for the working class and socialist principles, emerging during the independence movement.
Term: Revolutionary Nationalism
Definition: A form of nationalism advocating for direct action against colonial rule, often involving violence.
A form of nationalism advocating for direct action against colonial rule, often involving violence.