Coordination in Plants
Plants lack a nervous system and muscles, yet they exhibit coordination and response to various stimuli through specialized mechanisms. There are two main types of plant movements: immediate responses to stimuli and movements due to growth.
Immediate Response to Stimulus
This kind of movement occurs in response to touch, as seen in sensitive plants, where leaves fold quickly without any growth. The process involves the internal signaling mechanisms that communicate stimuli through chemical and electrical means. Although plants do not have nervous tissues, they can change the shape of their cells by adjusting water content.
Movement Due to Growth
Plants also show directional movements resulting from growth, such as tendrils that curl around supports when they come into contact with something. These movements often appear slow and are responsive to environmental stimuli like light and gravity, termed tropisms. There are two primary types: phototropism, where shoots grow toward light, and geotropism, where roots grow downwards in response to gravity. The coordination of these movements is primarily governed by plant hormones like auxins, which regulate cell elongation on specific sides of the plant in response to stimuli.
Understanding how plants coordinate and respond to their environment helps in comprehending their growth patterns and survival strategies.