1.3. Global Drivers and Context

First of all, we have to understand with the especially from the disaster risk context and also with the developing countries context. Countries like India which are more to do with the poverty because India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal so we have along with the disaster risk reduction we also have a challenge of the poverty reduction. So let us see how this whole process is going to work. First of all, it starts from the global drivers.

This chunk introduces the perspective that disaster risk is intricately linked with poverty levels in various countries. It highlights that some nations, particularly those in South Asia such as India, Bangladesh, and Nepal, face the dual challenge of managing disaster risks while simultaneously combating poverty. This means that understanding disaster recovery processes must involve looking at socio-economic factors too.

Consider a family in a rural part of India that cultivates crops. Their ability to recover from a flood isn't just about physical rebuilding; they must also address their financial limitations that result from ongoing poverty. When a disaster strikes, their lack of resources may make it impossible to rebuild or even afford food, illustrating the intertwining of disaster risk and poverty.

Because first of all, we are the whole geography has been unevenly distributed. There are rich countries, there are poor countries, there are resourceful countries, the resourceless countries and that have actually as a very diverse economic indicators into it.

The text emphasizes how geography plays a critical role in disaster risk and recovery. There is a stark contrast between rich and poor countries, with the former often having better resources and systems in place to handle disasters. This disparity in wealth affects how communities prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters, with poorer countries often lacking essential infrastructure and resources.

Imagine two neighborhoods in a city: one affluent with well-maintained roads, emergency services, and hospitals, while the other is neglected with crumbling infrastructure and limited access to help. If a disaster like an earthquake occurs, the wealthy neighborhood can recover much faster than the underprivileged area, which may struggle to get basic assistance.

Also the climate change both from a macro level point of view and the meso level aspect of it. Also come into the governance and limited endogenous capacities.

This chunk discusses how climate change exacerbates disaster risk. It highlights challenges at both the macro (global) and meso (community) levels, showing how climate impacts governance and the capacities of communities to respond to disasters. Poor governance and limited local capabilities often leave vulnerable populations at higher risk.

Think of a coastal town facing rising sea levels due to climate change. If local governance is weak, they might lack the capacity to build effective defenses, leaving them more vulnerable to flooding, impacting not only the environment but also the communities' livelihoods.

So even the governance because how one particular community or society is unable to handle shocks and stresses and that is where a system how it fails, so that is where the time talk about the governance. And these are all actually formulates the underlying risk drivers.

Here, the text identifies governance as a primary factor influencing a community's capacity to manage risks. Communities unable to effectively respond to shocks and stresses are seen as failing systems, and governance issues are categorized as underlying risk drivers that contribute to the vulnerability of populations when disasters strike.

Picture a city council that fails to maintain emergency services or prepare for natural disasters. When a hurricane hits, the lack of readiness due to poor governance leads to chaos, exacerbating the disaster's impact on the residents.

So they tried to classify into intensive risk when you say intensive risk major concentrations of the vulnerable populations and economic asserts exposed to the extreme hazard. Whereas the extensive risk, when he talks about the extensive risk, he talks about the geographically dispersed exposure of vulnerable people and economic assets to low or moderate-intensity hazard.

The classification of risks into intensive and extensive types is crucial for understanding vulnerability. Intensive risk refers to high exposure among concentrated groups of disadvantaged populations facing severe hazards, while extensive risk involves widespread exposure to milder risks across a larger area. This helps policymakers identify where to allocate resources and interventions.

Imagine a city where a poor neighborhood is prone to severe flooding (intensive risk) due to its location near a river, while a rural area may have many households at risk of drought (extensive risk). Resources and strategies for disaster risk reduction will differ greatly between these two contexts.

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