3.3. Dependency on State Institutions

Though initially, it has started with a very participatory approach but now because the economic status is making them independent and they are able to take some decisions. And earlier local government was not playing but now, gradually local government also have taken part of the whole process and the economic status is actually supporting to that.

In the past, community involvement was high, with residents actively participating in decision-making processes. However, as the economy improved, people became more independent and began to make their own decisions. In addition, local governments, which previously played a minor role, are now becoming more involved in community processes thanks to these economic developments.

Imagine a neighborhood where residents used to gather to discuss community issues and decide together on improvements, like public parks or safety measures. As the economy boomed, they started handling things independently, like fixing their own streets, and the local government, which once didn't help much, now joins meetings occasionally to offer support.

When we talk about the public areas, they are often neglected except a few main squares. The secondary roads are not normally paved and they do not have any trees or plantation except for the main squares.

Public spaces are important for community life, but in this case, many areas are neglected. While main squares might be well-maintained and serve as focal points, other essential spaces such as secondary roads are often left unpaved and without greenery, leading to a less pleasant environment for residents.

Think of a park in a city that is beautifully landscaped and has lots of activities, while the streets leading into it are filled with potholes and trash. The park is like the main square—well cared for—while the neglected streets represent the secondary roads that receive less attention.

Migrants have created problems by settling down on plots and outskirts of the towns, increasing their savings and creating a demand for more housing. This has resulted in new settlements formed without any previous planning.

As migrants move to towns, they often settle in less developed areas without formal planning. This influx increases the demand for housing and services, leading to the emergence of unplanned communities. These settlements can strain resources and present challenges as they aren't integrated into existing infrastructure.

Imagine a new mall that opens in a small town. As more people move to the area for jobs, they start building houses in a nearby field without any city planning. This creates a neighborhood of homes with no roads or sidewalks, making it difficult for everyone to navigate.

The migration process has led to deforestation; 1.33 million hectares have been deforested, comprising 27% of the total area.

The rapid expansion of settlements due to migration has resulted in significant deforestation. This vast clearing of forests affects the environment negatively, contributing to climate change and Habitat loss, which can lead to diverse ecological challenges.

Consider a rapidly expanding city that cuts down a forest to create housing and roads. While it might provide more homes for people, the loss of trees can lead to increased flooding, loss of animal habitats, and contribute to climate change.

This deforestation can indirectly impact climate change, potentially causing water shortages, which may then affect agriculture.

Deforestation not only reduces tree cover but also disrupts the water cycle, leading to possible water shortages. These shortages can threaten agricultural productivity, thereby creating a cycle of challenges that further complicate the lives of residents who rely on farming.

Think of a region that depends on rainfall for crops. If trees are cut down, the rainwater doesn’t get absorbed into the ground as effectively, leading to dry spells. Farmers who once relied on consistent rains find their crops failing, leading to a food supply crisis.

People have become dependent and have lost their dignity and self-esteem because state institutions have been providing them whatever they need, which has led to decreased participation.

Over time, as state institutions stepped in to provide support and resources, communities became reliant on external help. This dependence erodes their confidence and willingness to participate actively in community development, shifting from self-reliance to waiting for assistance from the government.

Imagine a school where teachers always do the students’ work, like projects and presentations. At first, students feel supported, but eventually, they stop trying to contribute. Over time, they may not feel valued and lose their confidence in their abilities.

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