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Interactive Audio Lesson
Listen to a student-teacher conversation explaining the topic in a relatable way.
Impact of Political Violence
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Today, we'll start by discussing the impact of political violence in Kenya. Can anyone tell me when this violence occurred?
It happened after the presidential elections in December 2007, right?
Exactly! The violence had vast implications, displacing around 500,000 people. What were some of the ways in which people coped with this displacement?
Some sought shelter with host families or set up camps in churches and schools.
Great point! These camps became temporary shelters. Each response to displacement was vital. Now, remember the acronym 'H-C-S' for Host families, Camps, and Shelters.
H-C-S! That's a useful way to remember!
Absolutely! At the end of the session, let’s summarize: Political violence led to widespread displacement, and communities coped through various temporary living arrangements.
Government Response
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Next, let's review the governmental response. What was the main objective of the Kenyan Ministry of State for Special Programs?
To manage disaster recovery and provide shelter for the IDPs?
That’s correct! They aimed to oversee the resettlement process. Who supported these efforts?
The UNHCR provided assistance to help manage this crisis.
Exactly! Remember 'M-S-U' for MoSSP, Support from the UNHCR, and the need for a systematic approach. Can anyone summarize how effective the government compensation strategy was?
It was ineffective due to issues with accountability and distribution.
Correct! It’s essential to evaluate effectiveness in response strategies. Let's wrap up: The government, with the help of UN agencies, responded to the crisis, but faced challenges in compensation and accountability.
Transitional Shelters
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Now, what do we mean by transitional shelters in this context?
They provide temporary living spaces while transitioning to more permanent shelters.
Excellent! Transitional shelters not only provided a roof but served as catalysts for self-sufficiency. What actions were taken by IDPs to create permanent shelters?
They organized self-help groups to combine their resources for buying land.
Exactly! Remember 'S-H-G' for Self-help Groups. This teamwork was crucial. Let’s summarize: Transitional shelters served a dual purpose of immediate housing and fostering independence for the displaced populations.
Categorization of IDPs
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Lastly, let's look at how IDPs were categorized. Why was this categorization important?
It helped tailor the support based on whether they wanted to return, relocate, or integrate.
Exactly! By segmenting the displaced populations, agencies could provide more relevant assistance. Can you list the three main categories?
Returning to former homes, relocating elsewhere, or integrating in current areas.
Nice job! Let’s commit this to memory with 'R-I-R': Return, Integrate, Relocate. To summarize, categorizing IDPs allowed for effective resource allocation tailored to their specific needs.
Introduction & Overview
Read a summary of the section's main ideas. Choose from Basic, Medium, or Detailed.
Quick Overview
Standard
Focusing on the aftermath of the 2007-2008 political violence in Kenya, this section examines the displacement of populations, the government’s response, and the processes involved in temporary shelter construction and resettlement strategies.
Detailed
Temporary Shelter Construction in Kenya
The section focuses on temporary shelter construction in Kenya, especially in the wake of the political violence that erupted following the 2007 presidential elections. The violence displaced approximately 500,000 people, with over 1,200 reported dead. The government, alongside humanitarian organizations, initiated a response to provide temporary shelters to the internally displaced persons (IDP).
Key Points:
- Political Violence and Displacement: The violence resulted in significant displacement across five of Kenya's eight provinces and various types of attacks against properties and individuals based on ethnic lines.
- Response Mechanisms: Many displaced persons sought refuge in host families, religious institutions, and spontaneous camps set up in police stations and schools. Key organizations involved included the Ministry of State for Special Programs (MoSSP) and Kenyan Red Cross Society (KRCS), with support from UNHCR.
- Transitional Shelters: These shelters aimed to provide a secure environment while enabling families to begin the process of returning to independence, fostering self-help initiatives to acquire land for permanent settlement.
- Government Policies: Compensation packages were issued, though they faced challenges of accountability. The government launched 'Operation Rudi Nyumbani' reintegration campaign to help IDPs return home.
- Categorization of IDPs: IDPs were classified based on their intentions to return, relocate, or integrate into their current displacement areas, which informed the support provided in terms of housing and resources.
This critical analysis highlights the need for an organized effort in temporary shelter construction, linking it to broader issues of humanitarian aid and disaster recovery.
Audio Book
Dive deep into the subject with an immersive audiobook experience.
Introduction to Temporary Shelter Construction
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Welcome to the course disaster recovery and build back better. My name is Ram Sateesh Pasupuleti. I am an assistant professor in Department of Architecture and Planning, IIT Roorkee. Today, we are going to discuss about temporary shelter reconstruction in Kenya.
Detailed Explanation
In this introduction, the speaker, Prof. Ram Sateesh Pasupuleti, sets the stage for the discussion on temporary shelter reconstruction in Kenya. He emphasizes the connection between temporary shelters and the broader theme of disaster recovery, promoting the idea that these temporary structures can play a role in longer-term recovery efforts.
Examples & Analogies
Imagine you are organizing a community event, and the original venue is unavailable due to flooding. You might set up a temporary tent to host the event, but your ultimate goal is to return to a better venue once repairs are made. Similarly, temporary shelters aim to provide immediate relief while paving the way for permanent housing solutions.
The Role of Dyfed Aubrey's Contributions
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This particular lecture has been derived from one of the important contributions from Dyfed Aubrey, which is the chapter 9 in build back better volume, edited by Michal Lyons and Theo Schilderman with Camillo Boano. So, he talks about temporary shelter contributing to participatory reconstruction.
Detailed Explanation
Dyfed Aubrey's contributions are significant in the context of temporary shelter construction. His insights focus on how these temporary structures can foster community participation and lead to more effective reconstruction processes. The idea is that involving community members in the design and implementation of shelters can increase their effectiveness and sustainability.
Examples & Analogies
Consider a school project where students are encouraged to design their own classroom layout. When students are involved in the process, they are more likely to take ownership and feel proud of the result. In the same way, involving local communities in shelter reconstruction creates a sense of ownership, making the shelters more meaningful and useful.
The Context of Political Violence in Kenya
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The background of Kenyan condition, it is not a natural disaster but it is a kind of manmade situations especially the political violence. When you look at the natural disasters phenomenon or the risk phenomenon, it says almost more than 75% to 80% of the disasters are through political violence.
Detailed Explanation
This chunk highlights the unique challenges faced in Kenya, where political violence, rather than natural disasters, has caused significant displacement and housing issues. Understanding this context is crucial for developing appropriate responses and temporary shelter solutions that address the specific needs of affected populations.
Examples & Analogies
Think about how different regions respond to crises: in areas prone to hurricanes, for example, preparations focus on weather safety. In Kenya, however, the focus must shift to addressing the aftermath of human conflict—like resolving community tensions and rebuilding trust while providing shelter.
Historical Context: Elections and Violence
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In 2007 and 2008, after the former President Mwai Kibaki was declared the winner of the presidential elections... about 1200 people have been reported dead, almost 5 lakhs people displaced.
Detailed Explanation
This section provides a specific historical context for the discussion, detailing the aftermath of the 2007-2008 elections in Kenya. The resulting political violence led to a significant loss of life and displacement, underscoring the urgent need for shelters. Understanding the scale of impact helps inform how temporary shelters must be designed and implemented to accommodate the displaced.
Examples & Analogies
Imagine a neighborhood experiencing severe protests after a controversial local election. Homes might be lost, and families forced to stay with friends or find temporary housing. This kind of upheaval creates an immediate need for safe spaces for those affected, similar to what happened in Kenya during this period.
Types of Violence and Displacement Patterns
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There are 3 categories of this; the first was burning and looting... the second was an onslaught by opposition supporters... the third one is a pattern of violence was retaliatory and targeted mainly at the migrant workers.
Detailed Explanation
This chunk categorizes the types of violence that caused displacement during the political unrest. Understanding these categories helps identify the needs of the different groups affected and tailor shelter solutions accordingly, whether they are victims of looting or targeted attacks.
Examples & Analogies
Consider a community that is facing different types of violence. If some families are fleeing from direct confrontations and others are losing their homes to vandalism, the help they need will differ. This variance in experiences shapes how we think about providing shelter and support.
Responses to Displacement in Kenya
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In any kind of situations obviously what kind of responses... some of them, they tend to move to their host families or like people who are migrants from different places, they go back to their places, set up spontaneous camps in police stations and churches.
Detailed Explanation
This section discusses the initial responses of displaced individuals during the crisis. Many sought refuge with host families or set up spontaneous camps in safer places like police stations or churches. Recognizing these responses is vital to ensuring that shelters designed later on cater to the needs of the displaced as they adapt to their new circumstances.
Examples & Analogies
Just as a friend might take you in during a tough time, people found temporary shelter with family or in community spaces, illustrating the importance of communal support in crisis situations.
Government and NGO Response Structures
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The Government of Kenya’s ministry of state for special programs, which we call it MoSSP... UNHCR have also supported that the KRCS.
Detailed Explanation
This chunk outlines the structure of government and humanitarian responses to the crisis. The MoSSP was tasked with overseeing the well-being of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and managing resettlement efforts. The collaboration with organizations like the UNHCR highlights how multi-agency efforts are essential in addressing large-scale displacement.
Examples & Analogies
Think of a team project in school where everyone has a different role—one person gathers information, another creates presentations, and another manages logistics. Like this teamwork, the collaboration between government and NGOs aims to effectively reach and support those in need during a crisis.
Compensation and Transition Initiatives
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Initially, there is a compensation package issued by the government about in a Kenyan of 10,000... operation called operation Rudi nyumbani.
Detailed Explanation
This section discusses the government's efforts to provide immediate financial compensation to displaced households. However, it also reveals challenges in effectiveness and accountability. The operation 'Rudi nyumbani' (meaning 'Return Home') was initiated to facilitate the transition from temporary shelters to more permanent solutions, emphasizing the need for sustainable support.
Examples & Analogies
Think about how a parent might give their child an allowance to encourage them to save for something special rather than always giving them what they want immediately. This encourages long-term thinking and independence, similar to the initiative aimed at helping displaced persons return home and establish permanence.
Establishing Self-Help Groups
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Many of these remaining... community fund and bought rural plots of land for permanent settlement.
Detailed Explanation
This chunk describes how displaced individuals began forming self-help groups to pool their resources and purchase land for permanent settlement. This approach not only aids in housing solutions but fosters community solidarity and self-sufficiency among those affected.
Examples & Analogies
Imagine a group of friends each putting in a bit of money to buy a shared piece of land. By collaborating, they can create something more robust and lasting than they could individually. This same principle reflects how IDPs worked together to secure their futures.
The Concept of Transitional Shelter
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Housing reconstruction... provides a habitable covered living space and secure, healthy living environment.
Detailed Explanation
This section defines 'transitional shelter,' highlighting its importance not just as a temporary solution but as a critical step in the journey toward housing stability. It emphasizes the need for shelters that offer dignity and basic services while waiting for more permanent solutions.
Examples & Analogies
It's like an intermediate step in learning to ride a bike. First, you might use training wheels (the transitional shelter) to build your confidence before eventually riding independently. The transitioning process is crucial to achieving lasting success.
Target Group Identification
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And how do one can identify the target groups... based on, land tenure whether they have land or without land.
Detailed Explanation
This final chunk discusses how to identify the various groups among the displaced populations based on their needs and intentions. Classifying people based on factors like land ownership helps tailor support and housing solutions that match individual circumstances.
Examples & Analogies
Just as in a classroom where different students may need different types of assistance based on their learning styles, identifying the needs of displaced individuals based on their situations ensures that the help they receive is both relevant and effective.
Definitions & Key Concepts
Learn essential terms and foundational ideas that form the basis of the topic.
Key Concepts
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Political Violence: Related to the man-made circumstances leading to displacement.
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Temporary Shelters: Essential structures enabling IDPs to have immediate housing.
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Government Response: Strategies and programs set up to assist IDPs.
Examples & Real-Life Applications
See how the concepts apply in real-world scenarios to understand their practical implications.
Examples
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The transitional shelters provided were often made from tarps and basic materials, allowing families to have a roof over their heads while they assessed their long-term housing options.
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Self-help groups formed by IDPs pooled cash handouts from the government to buy plots of land for eventual permanent settlement.
Memory Aids
Use mnemonics, acronyms, or visual cues to help remember key information more easily.
🎵 Rhymes Time
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When violence makes you roam, seek shelter to call home.
📖 Fascinating Stories
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Once upon a time, there was a village torn by conflict, where people lost their homes. They banded together, seeking shelter and forming groups to regain their lost land, proving that unity is strength.
🧠 Other Memory Gems
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Remember 'H-C-S' for Host families, Camps, and Shelters – ways the displaced sought refuge.
🎯 Super Acronyms
Use 'R-I-R' for Return, Integrate, Relocate - the three paths available for IDPs.
Flash Cards
Review key concepts with flashcards.
Glossary of Terms
Review the Definitions for terms.
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Term: IDP (Internally Displaced Persons)
Definition:
Individuals who have been forced to flee their homes but remain within their country's borders.
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Term: Transitional Shelter
Definition:
A temporary structure providing a safe and habitable living space for displaced populations until permanent solutions are established.
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Term: MoSSP (Ministry of State for Special Programs)
Definition:
The Kenyan government agency responsible for disaster management and overseeing the resettlement of IDPs.
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Term: Operation Rudi Nyumbani
Definition:
A government initiative aimed at facilitating the return of displaced persons to their original homes.